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HdrWATCRtlEATEK 

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ADVANCE 

HOT WATER. MEATec 







UkE i>T 



(^HICMJO.^ 



jf(ir^'i".« 



ESTABLISHED 1874 



E. A. HIBBS 

...Quarry and Bread Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Between Second and Third and Arch and Race 

TELEPHONE, No. 207 

■^ATH 



Mi/^ 




OILERS 



Tanks, Stacks 



Light and Heavy Sheet Ipod Work 

Sheet Iron Heat and Ventilation Flues 

COIL BOILERS SMOKE STACKS 

HOT WATER HEATERS GRAVEL PANS 

MANIFOLD BOILERS TAR KETTLES 



DRIP TANKS 


FOUNDRY LADLES 


STORAGE TANKS 


CUPOLAS ^ 


RETURN TANKS 


IRON DOORS 


OIL TANKS 


BOILER ELBOWS 


PITCH TANKS 


BLOW-OFF-TANKS 



IRON WINDOW SHUTTERS 





/<p^^ 



^ ' ^- ^d/iA^^»^'^^(C^^ 



PRESENTED 

WITH THE Compliments of 

The Master plumbers* association 

OF 

PHILADELPHIA 
Rooms 18 to 24 South Seventh Street 



BUILDERS' Exchange 



^r*-*^-^ 







A 1 ribute 



/r? 



"The Cradle of Liberty" 

TO 

The hey=day of Radiator industry 

ic I4fiiiit\ anil Hxcellencf <»t 

AMERICAN R ADIATOR S 



As cxcmpliliei! in the I4tinit\ anil Hxceliencc "»t 




MADE BY 



^ow HEATED w,TH AiHERICAN R ADIATOR S 

A merican R adiator C ompany 

506 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 




CHICAGO 


NEW YORK 


BOSTON 


BUFFALO 


DETROIT 


ST. LOUIS 


DENVER 


MINNEAPOLIS 


LONDON. ENG 





Hon. Charles F. Warwick 

MAVOK 111 I'UU.ADIJ.l'llfA 



Tent! <i| <»fTice, l-oiii Vetus from April. iSu 



COPYRIGHT, 1S95. 



THTS TUI<)K WAS rKKPAKEn I-OR T M F. 

Nationai. Association nv Mastiiik ri.rMiiERS 

liy 1-RANK H. TAYHIR, 

IvHtoi mid Ai tisl in charge of Trades League Bnreaii of 
Ilhistration, 

421 CHKSTNT'T STREKT, PllII.ADKI.rHIA. 



PRINTKD lOR THK 

Master PLrMBHRs' Association 

II Y 

GKO. S HARRIS & SONS, 
71S ARCH Street, Philadelphia. 







ENTS^ 



The meeting of :i large body of leading representatives of our trade, 
at Philadelphia, in the pleasant nioiitli of June, of this year, 
in attendance at the Thirteenth Annual Convention of the 
National Association of Master Plumbers, has afforded the 
local organization connected with this important branch of 
industry an opportunity to present to the delegates and to the 
entire trade of the country a souvenir volume in this work, 
which it is confidently hoped will be treasured by those who 
attend the Convention as a valued reminder of an agreeable 
event, and to those, much more numerous, to whom it is sent 
all over the United States, as a cordial greeting from their 
brethren in trade, resident in the ever hospitable (Quaker City. 
The production of a book containing so much of varied infor- 
mation, and such a wealth of illustration has been made pos- 
sible by the liberality of the Trades League of Philadelphia, a 
widely known organization of business men. which has placed 
at the disposal of the Philadelphia Master Plumbers' Associa- 
tion many of the most valuable and interesting features 
appearing in its superb " Hook of Philadelphia." 

The thanks of the Committee are also due to the Dunlap 
Printing Co., city printers, for the k)an of a numl>er of val- 
uable illustrations. 

To the enterprise and liberality of a large number of 
leading houses in the trade who have advertised in the 
following pages, we are indebted for the means with which the 
volume has been completed in its present elegant and durable 
form, a worthy representative of the substantial character 
of the men and the trade in whose honor it has been produced. 

It is the desire of the Philadelphia Association that a copy 
of this Souvenir Book may find its way into the hands of e\ery 
Master Plumber and Dealer in Plumbers' Supplies, until the 
entire edition of 5000 copies is exhausted. 



©ur 1Rcpvc3ciUativc5 







J,H BORTON 



THEIK Mono 

"Vat we vants is Orders" 



To MKMISKRS OI. THl': 

matioual Bssociatiou /IDastcf ipuunbcit; 

AssiiMiimn I.N Con \' K.N Ti U.N at I'm la Delphi a 



(3vcctino 



1 OU are coidially inN'ited to call upon 
us soinetiine during your stay, and we 
will lie pleased io do what we can to make your 
visit pleasant and profitable. One or more 
of our travelers will be constantly on hand to 
welcome you, and take care (jf your interests. 
Don't fail to see otir show-rooms, and 
inspect the exhibition of our many well known 
specialties. 

See that you get one of our new Paper 
Weiijhts 



Haiiies, JODGS & UM^ Go. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



High Class. 



%-^ 



Plumbing 
Material 



Jobbers in everything a Plumber wants... 



1130-32-34-36-38-40 Ridge Avenue 

Button'iVood. 12th and Spring Garden Sts. 



Our 1RcpiC5cntativc5 




^^ X^y^-^l^^ Wy 




THKiR norro 

'Vat we vants is Orders" 



OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES 

OF THE 



Master Plumbers' Association 

OF PHILADELPHIA 

For the Year ending Jan. 9, 1896 

Orgaiii/ed Fel). 19, 18S3 Cliartered Jan. 27, 1S85 

Rooms, No. 24 South Seventh Street, Builders' Exchange 

staled Al I'll ill >Js Scr/iiid Tli 11 rsilii ij of iiicli iiioiilli 



President. 

John K. Eyanson. 

Vice-Presidents. 

George F. Uber, Jolm (lornily, 

I'rank P. Hrown. Wra. McCoaeli, 

G. Wallace Smith. 

Kecordint; and Corresponding Secretary. 

William S. Clark, 2rS S. Twelfth Street. 

Treasurer. 

William Harkness, Jr. 

Board of Directors. 

William S. Clark, William Harkness. 

Chas. L. Parmak-e, .\. M. Hicks, 

R. Dnimmond, J Sellers Pennock. 

Sergeant-at-.^rms. 

Samufl P.. FK-ming. 

STANDING COMMITTEES. 

Sanitary. 

.Samuel W. Hariies. Chairman, Jiod X. Sixth Street. 

William Calhoun. Andrew Carson, 

William L. Owens, (>. Wallace Smith, 

J. Sellers Penncnk, A. G. Pond, 

Geo. .\ Hick-, I'. H. Mackay, 
John McTague. 

Arbitration. 

I'rank P. Brouii, Chairman, .45 X. Sixth Street. 

G. W, Rea, Joseph W. Reagan, 

Isaac Smyth, M. Thompson. 

Auditing. 

Sanuiel B. Fleming, Chairman, 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. 
Howell Tatem, W. W. Ment/.inger. 

2l> 



Apprenticeship. 

Daniel B. Cobb, Chairman, 1512 S. Fiftli Street. 

J. C. McManemin, J. McCaughey. 

Conference. 
G. Wallace Smith, Chairman, N. E. Cor. Thirteenth and Race Streets 
William McCoach, William Calhoun. 

Registration. 

Henry McDowell, Chairman, 23 Hudson Street. 
William S. Clark, William H. Doyle. 

Trade School. 

William Harkness, Chairman, Builders' Exchange. 

James D. Thompson, William McCoach. 

State Legislation. 

JohnGormly, C'h'n, 1433 Columbia Ave. Robert Drummond, 
Samuel W. Barnes. 

Committee on National Convention. 

William McCoach, Chairman. 

William S. Clark, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Samuel W. Barnes, Walter Jones, 

George Beckett, Arthur B. Lange, 

A. G. Bond, William W. Ment/.inger, 

Frank P. Brown, John McCann, 

S. Louis Barnes, William L. Owens, 

William Calhoun, Charles L. Parmalee, 

William H. Doyle, J. Sellers Pennock, 

John E. Eyanson, J. \'. Reagan, 

S. B. Fleming, W. R. Ross, 

John Furlow, G. Wallace Smith, 

John Gormly, George F. Uber, 

Albert M. Hicks, L. N. Yearsley. 

William Harkness, Jr., 

Ladies' Reception Committee. 

Barnes, Mrs. S. W 2 104 N. Sixth Street. 

Barnes, Mrs. S. L 2242 N. Seventh Street. 

Beckett, Mrs. George • . . . . 2036 Pine Street. 

Bond, Mrs. A. G 1326 Fairmount Avenue. 

Bond, Mrs. G. C 131 1 Parrish Street. 

Bond, Miss Hattie 1326 Fairmount Avenue. 

Brown, Mrs F. P 452 Franklin Street. 

Carroll, Mrs. William J 1434 S. Thirteenth Street. 

Clark, Mrs. W. S 3859 Fairmount Avenue. 

Clark, Miss Evaline 3859 Fairmount Avenue. 

Crombarger, Mrs 717 N. Sixteenth Street. 

Donnelly, Mrs. C. P 3800 N. Fifth Street. 

Doyle, Mrs. William H. 1502 N. Sixteenth Street. 

Eyanson, Mrs. John E 207 S. Tenth Street. 

Eyanson, Miss Bessie 207 S. Tenth Street. 

Feaster, Miss Blanche E 2162 N. Eighth Street. 

Fleming, Mrs. S. B 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. 



Fiirlow, Mrs. M 20,^3 Madison Avenue. 

Hallnian, Mrs. William H 1948 N. Twenty-third Street. 

Harkness, Miss Nettie 1727 S. Broad Street. 

Hicks, Mrs. A. M 717 N. Seventh Street. 

Hicks, Miss Ella 7 17 N. Seventh Street. 

Hicks, Miss Clara 717 N. Seventh Street. 

Jones, Mrs. Walter 1732 Columbia Avenue. 

Kingeter, Mrs. M. P 525 S. Ninth Street. 

Mealy, Mrs. C 1440 Wharton Street. 

Mentzinger, Mrs. William W 4039 Oreen Street. 

McCann. Mrs. John 2102 Hancock Street. 

McCarthy, Mrs. Thomas 1 935 N, Seventh Street. 

McCoach, Mrs. William 719S. Twenty-second Street. 

McCoach, Mrs. David 719 S. Twenty-second Street. 

Lange, Mrs 2125 Lawrence Street. 

Owens, Mrs. William I Narberth P. O., Pa. 

Keagan, Mrs. Joseph V 3536 N. vSeventeenth Street. 

Raymond, Mrs. Walter I Palmyra, N.J. 

Remick, Mrs E 1.S31 Columbia Avenue. 

Ross, Mrs. W. R ■ • oJTi Lancaster Avenue. 

Smith, Mrs. G. Wallace 3815 Atlanta Street. 

Starr, Mrs. M 1921 N. Ivleventh Street. 

I'ber, Mrs. G. F 728 N. Thirteenth Street. 

Williams, Mrs. E. Smith 224 Perry Street. 

Yearsley, Mrs. L 304 State Street, Camden. N. J. 

Members of the Master Plumbers' Association of Philadelphia. 

Adams, John 2035 N. Front Street. 

Barnes, Samuel W 2104-2106 X. Sixth Street. 

Bond, Alexander G 1344 Ridge Avenue. 

Brown, Frank P 45 N. Sixth Street. 

Brown, G 14 S. Fortieth Street. 

Brown, (ieorge B 1 2n S. Thirteenth Street. 

Burns, David R 739 N. Nineteenth Street. 

Buschner, C. Robert 237 S. Fifth Street. 

Byrne, John J .^7 N. Tenth Street. 

Boulais, Eugene J 318 N. Twentieth Street. 

Borcky, D. K 2734 Germantown Avenue. 

Bardon, David J 2040 E. Susquehanna Avenue. 

]ieatty, Wm. J 6000 Germantown Avenue. 

Barnes, S. Louis 2104-2106 N. Sixth Street. 

Bryan, James G 1228 Locust Street. 

Borden, John (Borden .S: Bro. 1 637 N. Nineteenth Street. 

Barry, Thomas J 268 S. Twentieth Street. 

Beckett, George W 2036 Pine Street. 

Calhoun, Wm 123 Market Street, Camden. 

Canby, George 1441 S. Penn Square. 

Clark, Wm. S. (Clark Bros.) 218 S. Twelfth Street. 

Cobb, Daniel B 151 2 S. F'ifth Street. 

Carson, Andrew 283 S. Fifth Street. 

Cooke, Franklin H 1822 Susquehauna Avenue. 

Cooke, Wm. P 2122 Germantown Avenue. 



Cleary, Joliii 1' 2614 Kensington Avenue. 

Diet/,, W'ni. H 217 S. liighth Street. 

Doyle, Win. U 221 S. Sixteenth Street. 

Drumniond, Robert 2025 Gerniantovvn Avenue. 

Donegan, Wni. J 2707-2709 N. Broad Street. 

Dalton, Christuplier F 1215 Columbia Avenue. 

Deitz, Wni. H., Jr 217 S. Eighth Street. 

Dwyer, John F i;, 14 Ridge Avenue. 

Evans, Sanuiel T 701 Girard Avenue. 

Eyanson, John E. (J. E. Eyanson & Son) 207 S. Tenth Street. 

English, Thomas 1S17 Fairmount Avenue. 

F'lynn, Jas. A 1232 Locust Street. 

Fleming, Samuel V> 1642 N. Thirteenth Street. 

F'ry, Mason K 728 Spring Garden Street. 

Furlow, John 3218 F'rankford Avenue. 

Geisenberger, Joseph 1309 Master Street. 

Gillespie, A. Lincoln 622 S. Broad Street. 

Gormly, John . . 1433 Columbia Avenue. 

Gormly. P i,S5 N. Tenth Street. 

Goll, Balthazar 524 X. Third Street. 

Gotwols, George 3107 Frankford Avenue. 

Goldner, Herman 2553 N. Second Street. 

Haley, James M 1749 N. Tenth Street. 

Hamilton. Milton E 240 N. Thirteenth Street. 

Harkness, John N 247 S. Third Street. 

Harkness, Wm. Jr Builders' Exchange, 18-24 ^- 7^^^- St. 

Harley, Joseph 2664 Coral Street. 

Harnett, J.J .... 2340 N. Twenty-ninth Street. 

Henderson, Robert V, 1131 S. Broad Street. 

Hicks, A. M '\Si N. Flighth Street. 

Hicks, G. A 651 N. Flighth Street. _ 

Hicks, H. H 651 N. Eighth Street. 

Hinkle, Charles S. E. cor. Hancock and Cuiuhcrland Sts. 

Howell, Lewis 2013 Columbia Avenue. 

Hoben & Doyle S. E. cor. Twenty-first and Pine Streets. 

Joerger, George W. . . .' 412 Green Street. 

Jones, Walter 1732 Columbia Avenue. 

Kite, Jos. S 523 N. Fortieth Street. 

Krouse, William 149 Green Street. 

Lange, Arthur B N. E. cor. F'ront and Somerset Streets. 

Louglniey, James A 4043 Lancaster Avenue. 

Love, W Bryn Mawr. 

Mentzinger, Wm. W 830 Walnut Street. 

Mundy.J.A 2 13 S. Ninth Street. 

Murfit, George W 1093 Germaiitown Avenue. 

Mackay, FHvin H 2409 Ridge Avenue. 

Mansfield, John H 140 E. Chelten Avenue. 

McCarthy, Timothy 4i4,S Woodland A\enue. 

McElwee, Hugh 2539 Coral Street. 

McCaughey, John 2428 Kensington Avenue. 

McCandless, W. J 7 16 Walnut Street. 

McCann, John 2iu W. Dauphin Street. 



McCoach, Win. ... .... iTu]; Sansoiii Street. 

McDowell, N 23 Hudson Street. 

McGuckin, John ' 1023 Christian Street. 

Mclntyre, George I'" 1519 Frankford Avenue. 

McManemin, John C. . 134 S. Seventh Street. 

McTague, John J . . 703 S. Eleventh Street. 

Norris, Henry '4.^ I"-- Cumberland Strec-t. 

Norton, H.J Ardniore. 

Owens, W'ni. I,. Xarberth. 

O'Neill, Ivnnnetl . ... . . 4223 P'rankford Avenue. 

Packer, Morton A . .2732 E. Allegheny Avenue. 

Pannalee, Charles L 510 Richmond Street. 

Pennock, J. Sellers 33 N- Seventh Street. 

Perry, Edgar E 29 N. Si.xth Street. 

Pugh & Schnatz 34 S. Fortieth .Street. 

Priest, Jas. S . . 4365 Main Street, Manaynnk. 

Ross, Walter R 3515 Lancaster Avenue. 

Reynolds, J. B 397o Mt. Vernon Street. 

Reagan, Jos. \' 353^' N. Seventeenth Street. 

Rea. George W 1301 Poplar Street. 

Rockett, T. T .... 635 N. Nineteenth Street. 

Ray, Samuel I). . . I'ifty-third Street below Girartl Avenue. 

Scholl, Joseph 2712 W. Girard Avenue. 

Sheldrake, Chailes M 1 S')4 Kidge Avenue. 

Sutter, Samuel 717 Spring Garden Street. 

Smith, (.). Wallace 1 Samuel R. Smith & Bro. 1 . . . N. E. cor. Thirteenth and Race Streets. 

Schwartz, J 1 S55 Tulip Street. 

Smyth, 1 2.S13 Dauphin Street. 

Sabin, Frederick 146 N. .Second .Street. 

Soinmer, Louis J 2436 Brown Street. 

Tatem, H . 147 S. Fourth Street. 

Thompson. James I). ... 1 13 N. Twelfth Street. 

Truitt, Thomas H. . . 1703 Poplar Street. 

Thompson, Matthew 926 Sansom Street. 

Thorn, J. Barclay 2446 Ridge Avenue. 

Tondinson, Win. H. . . 720<S Germantown Avenue. 

Temple. James W loifi Columbia Avenue. 

Uber, George F 1245 Fairniount Avenue. 

Webster, Jas. K 3608 Lancaster Avenue. 

Winning, Oscar J (1(14 N. Fifteenth Street. 

Wright, Wm. .\I N. W. cor. Eleventh and Walnut Streets. 

Waterhouse, George M. . 411 Poplar Street. 

Worrell, W. H Lansdowne, Pa. 

Wynkoop, Thomas P 707 Girard Avenue. 

Warfield, Charles S 32.S S. Nineteenth Street. 

Walker. Robert J 2153 E. York Street. 

Wilson, John H 4209 Frankford Avenue. 

Watt, Robert 1701 N. Twentieth .Street. 

Woodward, Samuel P . . 1615 Federal Street. 

While, William 2216 Ridge Avenue. 

Yearsley, Lewis N ... 717 Spring Garden Street. 



LIST OF CHAPTERS. 



Charles I". Warwick, Mayor .... 
Our Acknowlcdgeinents ..... 
List of Oflicers and Memljcrs Master I'lumbers 

.Association 

officials of rhiladelphia 

Builders' Exchange. (Illustration) 
Philadelphia — Its Charters and CovcrMniciit 
City Hall. (Illustration) .... 

The City Hall 

Nortli Entrance of the Cit\ H.ill. (Illustr.ition) 
Bureaus of Police and Fire .... 

Our .Streets 

The Parks and S(|uarcs of Uic City 
Views in Fairniount Park. (Illustration) 
The Zoological (harden ..... 
The Local Census ...... 

Pu1)lic Schools 

The Drexel Institute, (lllustratiuu) 
The Drexel Institute ..... 

Interior Court Urexel Institute. (Illustration) 
The Churches and Sunday Schools of Philadelphia 
The Penna. Museum and School of Industrial .\rt 
The Manual Training Scliools .... 

tiirard and his College 

Wagner Free Institute of Science . 
The Spring Carden Institute .... 
Williamson F'ree School of Mechanical Trades 
The Franklin Institute ..... 

The V. M. C. .\ 

Women's Christian .Association 

Public Libraries of I'hiladclphia 

.\cademy of Natural Sciences .... 

Philadelphia School of Design for Women 

The .American Philosophical Society 

The Work of the Trades League of Philadelphia 

The Bourse. (Illustration i .... 

The Bourse 

The Municii)al League of Philadelphia . 

The Philadeliihia Board of Trade . 

The Commercial Exchange .... 

The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange . 
Building Interests ...... 

Real Estate Holdings and \alnatious 
Building Societies ...... 

Friends' Meeting House and School. (Illustration i 

West Rittenhouse Square. (Illustration) 

House where First .American I'lag was made. (lUu 



p.\r.K 
I 



2b-2f 

3 
4 

5-7 
y 

11,12 
14 
i6 

17, iS 

20-23 

22 

25, 26 
26 

2S 
29 
30 
31 

^ci* 34 

35 

36. 37 

37. 38 
38 

40, 41 

41 
42. 43 

45. 4'5 

46 

46-4.S 

48 
.so 

51 
52. 53 

54 

56 
57. 58 

58 
60, (11 

63 
64, 65 

'17, 68 

69-72 

70 

7c 

73 



Carpenter's Hall. (Illustration) 

The Builders' F^xchange , 

.Some Comparisons .... 

Markets of Philadelphia . 
Railroad Terminals of Philadelphia 
Pennsylvania Railroad Terminal. (Illustration 1 
( )ur Watcrwa\'s ...... 

Cramp's Shipyarii. (lUustrationi . 
Trophies of Philadelphia Skill. (Illustration 1 
I'hiladclphia Ship Building .... 

Secret .Societies 

Masonic Temple. 1 Illustration I 

Odd F'ellows' Temple. (Illustration 1 

Broad Street, North from City Hall. 1 Illustration 1 

Chestnut Street, West from Ledger Building, illlus. 

Newspaper Headings. (Illustration) 

Philadelphia Journals and Journalists 

Wissahickon Creek from the Dam. (Illustration 

Playground, Ciirard College. ! Illustration 1 . 

( )ur Theatres — Past and Present 

Clubs in Philadelphia 

Union League. 1 Illustration 1 

Art Club. (Illustration) . 

Our Comparative Mortality Rate 

Historical Buildings and Places 

Independence Hall. (Illustration) 

Christ Church. 1 Illustration I 

St. C.eorge's Hall. (Illustration) . 

Naval -Asylum. (Illustration) 

Wherein We .Are First 

The Mint of the I'nited Stales 

Philadelphia in l-'inance . 

Sports of All Sorts .... 

New Suburban Sections. (Illustration 

Cycling in Philadel])liia . 

Our Citizen Soldiery 

.Atlantic City ..... 

Medical Colleges and Hosi>ilaIs 

rniversit\- of Pennsylvania 

The .Academy of F'ine .Arts 

I'ourth Street, North from Walnut. (Ilhistr 

Block of Bank Buildings. (Illustration) 

The Society of Friends .... 

The Bureau of Water .... 

The Board of Health .... 

Condensed (Uiide to Many Interesting Places 

\'isitors' Directory 



PAGi-: 

73 
75. 76 

78 
79. 80 
S1-S9 

83 
90-97 

94 
96 

97-99 
1 o 1 - 1 05 

103 
104 
1 06 
I Io5 

loS 

109- 1 1 1 

1 10 

1 10 

112, 113 

115-119 
iiS 
llS 
120 
121 
123 
123 
124 
124 

125 

127 
128-132 
LvVMi 

■36 

143 

144-146 

147, I4N 

149 

150 

151 

152 

152 

153 

154. 155 

15b 

15S-160 

161, 162 



I.IST OF ADVERTISEMENTS. 



A iiicricaii Holier Works 
American Radiator Company 
American Saw Com])anv 
Aspinall. K. . . . . , 

Allen, William I 

American Tube Works 

Baltimore Hell antl Hrass Works . 
BcUmark I'ottcry Company 
Blessing, C. A. 
Hnick iV Slicrwooii Mfi,'. Co.. The 



Carroll, 1'. ... 

CohvcU Lead Company . 
Crane Company 
Cudell, I-. !•;. . 
Claridge ^; Hartliolomew 
Columbus Snpjily Com])any 
Comfort, ?;.. ^; Co. 



Detroit Sanitary Supply Comjianv 
Doufilas, John, Comiiany, The 
Devlin, Thos., & Co. 
Dayton Su])])ly Coni]ianv 
Dawes & Mylcr .... 

Dcccco Com]),uiy, The 

Fleck Bros 

Fulmcr, A. J., & Co. 

Forest City Brass Works . 

Ford vS; Kcudiji .... 

Fowler Radiator and Manufaclurin.u d 

Froclich Bros 

I'arnan Brass Works 

Glauber, M 

Hibbs, H. A 

Haines, Jones iS; Cadbury Co. 
Himtcr S: Dickson .... 
Hart ^lanufactnring Comiianv. The 
Hoffnian M: Billings Manufacturing Co. 
Hays Manufacturing Company 

Hawley, (ieo. B 

Hulicr, HenryiCo., The . 

Instantaneous Water Heating Compau 
Ideal Manufacluring Company 

Jolley, J. H., .>c Co. 
Johnson. J. I). Com])auv. The 

Kilbournc X: J.icobs 
Keystone Lead Works 
Keystone Pottery Company . 
Kittrcdgc Company 



upa 



p.\oic 

Opp. 2d cover 

Back of title 



49 

yi 

3d cover 
107 

122 

161 
164 

164 

2d cover 
1.5 
59 
95 
95 
102 

74 

77 
S6 

95 
114 

'35 

24 
27 
.^9 
49 

S2 
129 

'35 
161 



The 



Locke, C. S., iV Smith .... 
I.ehner, Johnson iS; Hoyer Manufacturing C 
I.ooniis l'"iltcr Conipanv . 
I.ipp, I.ouis, \- Co 



Opp 



title 
2a 
S 
'5 
27 
39 
62 
74 

27 
h2 

8 

55 

39 
55 
66 

145 



Miller S: Coates .... 
Morris, Tasker iS: Co. 
McCainl)ridge iS: Co. 
JlcShanc, Henry. Mfg. Co. 

Molt. J. I 

Maryland I'ottcry Company. The . 
Miller, Joseph S. . . . . 

Muckcnhirn, C. H 

McShane, Henry, Manufacturing Companv 



Newell-Boolh Company, Limited 
New York Central Iron Works 

Owen >S: Salter .... 

Ohio Brass and Iron .Manufacturing Ci 
Ostcr Manufacturing Conqianv, The 



np.iny. The 



Perkcs. Charles .... 

Ricketts, J. J 

Rouse iS: Hills Co 

Robertson, James, M.inufacturing Conip.mv, Tlie 



Smith, H. H., >\; Co. 
Sands, Alfred B., >S; .Son 
Saunders", D.", Sons 
Savill, Walls .S: Co. 
.Shustcr Foundry, The 
Steward & Romaine Mfg. Co. 
Street vSiKcnt Manufacturing Co. . 
Slecl Clad Bath Co., The 
Star Coupler Company . 
Shepjiard, Is,aac, vS: Co. . 
Standard Manufacturing Conipan\- 
Stcbbins, Iv, Maiuifacturing Company 
Stainbach & Love .... 

Swoyer & Co 

Smith X: Kgge Manufacturing Co. 

TTllomas, Roberts. .Stevenson Company 
Tatham >\: Bros. .... 
Temple. James W 

Vulcanite Tile and Mosaic Companv 

^'oolford, Ccorge .... 

Warren Weljster vS: Co. 

Wilks, S., Manufacturing Company 

Whetstone & Co 

Wolf, L., Manufacturing Company 

Zero \alve Company 



r.\c.K 
13 
59 

82 
117 

17 
'7 
32 

'57 

49 

102 

'35 
142 

157 

66 
86 

10 
24 
86. 



49 
59 



2d cover 
13 
13 
161 

'5 
164 
39 
44 
44 
95 

ICKJ 
102 
122 
129 
155 

8 
114 
129 

91 

15 
17 

62 

95 
142 

62 




Officials of Philadelphia. 



City Officers. 

Receiver of Taxes. flavor, City Solicitor, 

Wm. J. RoNKv. CiiAki.KS F. Warwick John L. Kinsey 

Director of I>irhlic Safety, Director of Public \\ orlis, 

AnuAiiAM M. Bkiti.kr. Thomas M. Thomp.sox. 

Directors of Charities anil Corrections. 

W'll.l.iAM IT. LA,Mi!i:Kr, President. 
Wiii.iAM I). Garhmck, John SnAf.i.CRnss, 

Ai.i-REi) Moore, Jamics \V. Walk. 



County Officers. 

Controller. Treasurer, 

John M. Wat. ton. Kkiiakh (,. Oi'.i.i.ers. 

Commissioners. 

Jacoi; \\'n.i)E:\i.)RE. J(isi:ni (".. Kiciimond, 

John 1'. J. Sicnse.muvRI'I'K. 

Sheriff, Recorder of Deeds. District Atlorncy, 

Samtei. M. Clement. Jdhn J. Ciri.en . (o^o. S. (tRaham. 

Register of Wills, Clerk of Quarter Sessions, Coroner, 

F.i.iAs p. Smithefs. James W. Latta. Sa.mei;!. H. AsiiiiRiix.E 



Departments and Bureaus 
of the City and County of Philadelphia. 



Iie|i.-iitiiicnl of I'ulilii- Woiks, Di- 

rccliu's ( )Hicc. 

Bureaus of Water, (las, Hn;li- 

ways, Li,t;luing, Street Clean- 

111.1,', Surveys, Citv Ice Boats. 

Dep.irtnicut <if I'uljlic S.ifct\-. 
Bureaus of Police. I''irc. Klcc- 
trical Service. Health, Boiler 
Iiis])cction, Buildiiij,' lusjiec- 
lit>ii ami Cil\ I'ro]ieil \ . 

Depaitiiieut of City Controller. 

Dcpartinciit of City Tic.isurer. 

DeiJailuient of Recci\ er of Taxes. 



6. ncpartnieui of Kc\isioii of Taxes. 



- 


1 >r])arliiiriit of Kcconlcr of 1 )ccils. 


i.S. 


Department < 


f Mavoi. 




,s. 


1 ic]i.u-tinciit of keijistcr of Wills. 
1 lep.irtiiieul of Sheriff. 


19. 


Deji.ii Imcnt 
sioucrs. 


>f City 


Commis- 


JO. 


llc])artinciit of Clerk of ihi.irtcr 


20. 


Deji.irtmeiU ( 


)f X.iiitu 


al Sclio..l 




Sessions. 




Shi]). 






1 [. 


Dcpartuient of Couiit\ I'risou. 


21. 


De]iartmeiit i> 


f Tort W 


uilcns. 


i:^. 


l)ei)artineiU <>f I.a«. 


22. 


Department 


if I'.irk 


Comniis- 


1.1- 


Department nl I'lothonol.irv . 




sioners. 






N- 


Department of Coiouer. 


2 V 


Sinkiuy I*"uni 


. 




i.i- 


Dcpartuient of Dislricl .\ltoriie\ . 


2.1 . 


iMlnr.ition. 






i6. 


Deparlmeiil of Ch.irities and Cm- 
reclioii. Bureaus of Chanties 
.111(1 Concctuui. 










ly- 


Dciiartmcnt Clerks of Conucils. 
3 












line 1U'1I.I>1;KS' 1-:XCI1.\N('.K. ScvcTilli Sll-ccl licloiv M:irkcl Slrcfl. 

MfCtiTlK ri.lLC "f llu- l.ltll ANM-AI. CllSVKNlIClN nf !lR- NAlKi.VAI. ASSC "C 1 A ilON "1 MASIKR I'LUMBICRS 

June, 1^05. 



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J 



Philadelphia — Its Charters and Government. 

1681—1893:. 




Edward P. Allinsok and Boies Penrose. 



BLUE ANCHOR TAVKRN. 




SEAI, OP 
WILLIAM PENN. 



Philadelphia's municipal life may be 
divided into five sliaqily defined periods: 

I. 16.S1 to 1701, covering the era of its 

minority prior to Penns charter of 1701. In this 

period we have government by the Provincial 

Council, the County Court and the Grand Jury, 

and the short interlude under the proprietary 

charter of i6yr, whicli created Humfrey Morrey 

the first mavor.' It is a curious fact that this charter, which is now deposited with 

tlie Historical Society of Pennsylvania, seems for nearly two hundred years to have 

been lost sight of. 

II. 1701-1789 covers the life of Penns jiroprietary charter, which fell with the 
Revolution, and the thirteen years of suspended municipal life which ensued. After the 
Revohition, 1776 to 1789, such government as the city had was to be found in the 
courts of the justices of the peace and the legislative commissions already inaugurated 
during this period. 

III. From 1789 to 1S54 what is now known as the Old City, /. c, from \'ine to South Streets, 
and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers, grew and prospered under the legislative charter of 

17S9 and its supplements up to the consolidation act of 1854. The records 
of this period are of the first imjiortance. In it we note the advent of 
Philadelphia as a modern American municipality. The entire personality 
of the city is changed ; it becomes the creature of the legislature. F,ver>- 
vestige of a close corporation, which was the distinguishing feature or 
Penn's charters, is swept away. The city is now tlie place and its inhabi- 
tants, all freemen have a voice in the election of the municipal govern- 
ment. Throughout the period are manifested the ebb and flow of two 
distinct lines of ])olicy. Starting out with a remembrance of the evils of 
divided authority, and a well expressed effort toward concentration of 
executive power and responsibility, we find in the latter half of the period a 
steady reversal of this policy, indicated by the absorption of all branches of executive supervision and 
control by the various committees of courcils. The mayor is, step by Step, shorn of his various 
powers and duties as executive until he is relegated to the position of being simply 
chief of police and the figure head of the corporation. Tlie responsibility is scattered 
through a dozen committees, whose personnel changes from year to year, and the execu- 
tive wheels are found running by a comple.x system which could not fail of disastrous 
results even then. These defects become intensified when carried over into the operations 
of the immensely extended consolidated city and county. 

IV. 1854 to 1887. In this period Philadelphia, in common with other great cities, 
staggered under a burden of laws, ordinances, customs and practices often resulting in 
legislative and executive m.aladministration. The consolidation act of 1S54 was a 





CITV SEAL, I 701. 



CITV SKAL, 1683. 




CITY SEAL, I7S9. 



necessary act of great political wisdom at the time. The city and the contiguous 



'See Philadelphia, 1681-1887, by .\llinson and Penrose. Humfrey Morrey, first Mayor of Philadelphia, papei 
read by Col. J. Granrille Leach before the Historical Society cf Pennsylvania. The first Mayor of Philadelphia 
by Hon. S. W. Penuypacker, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, No. 3 of Vol. XV. 




territory, whicli had lieconie densely populated, had jiractically become one city. There 
was a comiiKJii I'utnre and coniniou wants. Adequate development was crippled by the 
multij^licity and jealousy of the many existing governing bodies acting independently 
of each other. The evils of the situation were recognized. The question of consoli- 
dation was agitated f(jr ten years before it was effected. It was opposed by the local 
PRKSEXT ciTv SE.\L. leaders. In 1S53 the friends of the act met and elected Hon. Eli K. Price for the 
Senate, and also candidates in the house pledged to sujijiort it and it was finally passed 
January 30, 1854.' The act of 1S54, while a great advance, did not meet the evils; nor was its 
intent confirmed to nor its sjiirit observed by councils. They neglected the exposure and coiTec- 
tion of the abuses of the de])artments and usurped in fuller measure than ever before almost every 
form of, executive duty. If the water department wanted a pump, it was the water committee 
which decided on the kind, st\le and horse power. If the highway department paved a street, it 
was the highway committee which supervised the letting, execution and approval of the contract. 
There was no general super\ision of public work. A condition of affairs, which was bad enough 
in the Old City, became intolerable when carried into the innuenscly extended business of con- 
solidated Philadelphia, \\hich had assumed proportions which demanded the most intelligent system 
and responsible supervision to obtain efficient service and adequate returns fof money expended. The 
financial management became more reckless every year, until the city was threatened with bank- 
ruptcy. The most noticeable features of the act of consolidation that are new are the offices of city 
controller and receiver of taxes, created by the act of 1S54. The greatest improvements which took 
place during the period also had reference to finance. The constitution of 1S74 placed a limit to the 
creation of funded debt, and the act of June 11, 1S79, conii>elled the city "to pay as you go." Very 
shortly after the consolidation act, one whose position ga\-e him e\-ery opportunity to measure the defects 
of our system, and whose abilities entitled his opinion to the greatest weight, summed up in forcible 
iMiglish the radical defects in the organic law and pointed out the necessity for intelligent legislation to 
cure those defects. The essence of our present charter, given liy the act of 1S85, known as the Bullitt 
Bill, is to be found in the second annual message of Hon. Richard Vaux, Mayor of Philadelphia, 1858. 
V. The fifth period is that of the present charter, the act of 1.SS5. 

Limited space has made it impossible to give even in briefest outline a sketch of the develop- 
ment of the citv government during the two centuries of its existence. From the date of the landing 
of Penn at the Blue Anchor Landing— from 16S1 to 18S5— we see the city grow from a collection 
of ca\-es whose inhabitants were counted by scores, to a crowded mart containing the homes of over a 
million of people. From two square miles to one hundred and tweuty-nine. PVom the government of 
the county court and grand jury closely followed by the close cor]".)ration and medieval charters granted 
by Penn, up through a maze of legislative confusion to the ad\-ent of the latest and best thought on 
municipal government as expressed in the Bullitt Bill. Although Mayor Vaux, in 1858, had pointed out 
the evils of the organic law, it took a score of years to arouse ])uhlic opinion. The movement which 
resulted in the passage of the act dates back to the indignation caused by the passage of the act creating 
the Public Building Commission. Governor Hartranft, in a specially able message in 1876, called the 
attention of the legislature to the evils of numicipal government. A commission was aiiiminted to 
devise a scheme for government of cities. On this commission, which resulted ultimately in the passage 
of the act of 1885, the services of Mr. John C. Bullitt were so conspicuous as to give his name to the bill. 
In 1882 councils took up the matter, which was referred to a special connnittee, of which S. Davis Page 
was chairman, and on which we find als(j such n\nnes as Ivffingham 15. MoitIs, George R. Snowdeu, J. 
W. Patton, vS. S. Hollingsworth, A. Haller Gross and Charles H. Banes. The history of the heated 
controversy over the bill finally introduced into the legislature h\ Mr. William C. Bullitt is still fresh 
in everv one's mind.' 



1 History of Consolidation, liy Kli K. Price, pngc 53. riiilaclclphia, liv Allinson and Penrose, paj,'c 140. 

- See Report of Committee of One Hundred, by Tlionias Learning, Es(|. Message of Governor Hartranft, 
Senate Journal 1876, page 13. Report of Commission to devise a plan for city government of cities of Pennsylvania. 

Resolutions drafted by Hon. Richard Vaux, and introduced into common council by S. Davis P.age, Esep .See 
Journal of Common Councils, 1S82. 

6 



Uiuk-r the present eluirter, known as the 15nllitl Bill, the attempt lias been made and in theory 
a])proxiuialely attaineil t<j eonceiitrate all executive jiower in one head, the mayor, responsilile directly 
for the whole administration to the jieople who elect liim. A few subordinate heads of dejjartments are 
appointed by and responsible to this head, the mayor. A complete separation is made between the 
execiiti\"e and legislative branches of j^overnnient. And a stringent limitation has been placed on the 
power to accunuihite indebtedness. Careful regulations are framed for the financial system and methods. 
Provisions are made for the im])eachment of con'upt officials. After one complete administration under 
this act, and the jnirt of another, the only objection to it is that ]M)ssibly it does not go far enough. Its 
framers went as far as they dared to go and not encounter the oi)position of certain offices or commissions, 
the vices of which were not so instantly jiressing. The executive power is vested in the mayor and 
certain (Upartmeiits. I. Public Safety, director appointed by the mayor; this includes the jiolice, fire, 
health anil Imilding inspection. II. Public Works, director ap])ointed by maxor : this includes the old 
departments of water, gas, highway and survey. III. Receiver of Taxes. I\'. City Solicitor. Hoth 
city officers elected by the people at the .spring municipal election. \'. City Treasurer. \'I. City 
Controller. Roth county officers elected at the autumn State election. \'II. Hoard of lulucation, 
aj)pointed b\- the judges. \'III. Charities and Corrections; ])resident and four directors appointed by 
the mayor. IX. Sinking I'und Commission; made uj) of the mayor, city controller and one member 
elected by councils. 

The Public Building Commission, an irres])onsible body created by the legislative act, 1S70, still 
exists in charge of the citv hall, not yet finished. The commissioners were originally named in the act; 
anv vacancies are filled by the members. The Park Commission consists of th.e mayor, presidents of 
councils, commissioner of city property, chief engineer of water department and ten citizens appointed 
for five years by the courts. The election of the city controller, city treasurer and receiver of taxes by the 
jieople is fixed by the constitution and no change is specially needed. The duties of the treasurer and 
receiver are ministerial ; their action does not affect the policy of an administration. The controller has 
high judicial functions ; his power is a check on the entire financial system , and the i)eople have frequently 
decided that it was wise to have him of a different political faith from the administration. His appoint- 
ment directly l)y popular vote is certainly wise. f he appointment of all other officers, including the 
sinking fund and park commission and board of education should be vested in the mayor. The Public 
Building Commission should be abolished and its duties vested in the department of public works. The 
appointment of any officers by the judges is onerous to them, foreign to their duties and vicious in 
conception. As all departments liave to be advised by the city solicitor, the mayor is as much entitled 
for the success of his administration to appoint his solicitor as is the president or the governor. While 
some things remain to be done to complete the scientific development of the city's government, nuich 
has been done and vast advantage obtained in our present charter. It is the duty of citizens, however, 
to acfjuaint themselves with the functions and theory of our municiiial government, and to watch with 
jealous eye the constant trend of councils to the usurpation of executi\'e functions. Their legislative 
duties must of necessity always be large and imposing. The record of the pa.st teaches that the greatest 
ilanger of corruption and maladministration is found where they encroach on the executive. The 
legislation of the countrw municipal, state and federal, is fast becoming vested in committees of tiie 
se\-eral bodies. This government by committees is subversive of our system of government.' 



I-'iir editorials illustrating the various arguments hnniglit at the liiue for and against the bill, see note on page 
26S, I'liilaclclphia, 16S1-18S7, t)v .'VUmson and Penrose. 

' Sec Congressional Government, liy Woodrow Wilson, I'h.D. 



'5 



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The City Hall. 




The largest building in Philadelphia, and the most imposing public 

structure upon this continent is the City Hall, which is also commonly 

known as the Public Buildings, and accommodates the departments of 

both the city and county authorities. This noble civic edifice occupies 

N, r the site of a quadrangle, originally surveyed by tlie Quaker founder, 

" Kw' William Penn, as a public park, and so maintained until the beginning of 

. ' ' ^.^. the present work, about twenty years ago. The location of this building 

was decreed by popular vote. The principal offices, courts and chamliers 

of the several fronts have been occupied by the public departments for 

:i number of years. The vast work, upon which ujiwards t)f $15,000,000 

ha\e been expended, now approaches completion. 

Although unfortunately environed by a number of lofty buildings, 
at least two of which will, when done, dominate the Mansard roof of tlie 
city buildings, a wide street surrounds the edifice, and from fonr 
directions fine views of its facade may be enjoyed. 

The length of the north and south fronts is 470 feet, and that 
of the east and west fronts is 4S6' 4 feet. The material principally used 
for both tlie building and enormous tower is white marble from quarries 
at I,ee, Berkshire County, Mass. The interior windows of its six floors 
()f busy public offices look out u])on a courtyard 200 feet S([uare, the 
favorite "short-cut" of many busy thousands every day. A full 
BRONZK sr.^m: OI-- wiM.i AM I'KNN. dix'ision of infantry trooi)s might be comfortably massed within this 

cnclosvire. 
Four grand archways, iS feet wide and 36 feet high, richly embellished willi polished colunuis 
and beautiful sculpture, are the sluiceways for the ceaseless human tide that surges through this 
splendid plaza. Who shall foretell what noble, imi)ressive, jierchance tragic, scenes this Ilacr d<- 
la llohi dc I'illc of tlie Quaker Cil\' shall witness in the centuries yet to come; when those 
masters, who designed and built the surrounding walls, are remembered only by the occasional 
antiquarian who gropes in the corridors below and chances upon the tablet of the corner-stone ; when 
the conditions of life in these latter days of the great century of progress, as they are outlined upon 
these pages, will be to the cili/.en and stranger but a tradition, and those tilings of which we boast but 
the feeble efforts of a \-oung and inexperienced jx-ople. 

Philadelphia of to-da\- is quite willing thai this majestic building, and especially its tower, shall 
stand before the ])eo])le of generations yet to come as the symbol of civilization and taste obtaining 
among us in the year of our Lord 189;,. The tower is the great peculiar feature of the entire structure, 
and no ])erson who has once enjoyed the far-reaching and impressive bird's-eye view of this busy 
aggregation of humanity will regret the millions it has cost to rear this purely ornamental shaft. The 
tower is 90 feet siiuare at the base, and its walls are 23 feet thick. The entire height of the work to the 
broad-rimmed hat upon the head of William Penn will lie 547 feet and a fraction, an elevation greater, 
it is said than any steeple or structure in the world built in connection with an edifice. It exceeds 
that of the Great Pyramid 67 feet : St. Peter's Church, Rome, 99 feet ; the Cologne Cathedral, 37 feet. 
It is nearly twice the height of the dcniie of the National Capitol. The \\'asliiiigton Monument exceeds 
its altitude by S feet only. A great clock, the dial plates of which lia\-e a diameter of 23 feet, will adorn 
the tower at an elevation which will be ^•isible from all parts of the city, the centre dial being 361 feet 
at)ove the sidewalk. The metallic columus and dome, of which the ujiper section will consist, are to be 
plated with aluminum. 

The obser\-aiit stranger and citizen alike will find a wealtli of allegorical suggestion in tlie 
symbolic statuary, much of it of heroic size, which embellishes the exterior, corridors and inner court 



of the building The four quarters of the globe are typified by the Asiatic elephant, the African tiger, 
European bullock and the American bear, and also by beautifully chiselled figures of the Caucassian, 
Mongolian, African, and other racial types. Upon the northern front are the figures of William Penn, 
an Indian, a Norseman, a Puritan, and the Progress of Civilization. Other figures represent Victory, 
Fame, Education, Science, Poetry, Music, Art, Botany, Navigation, Architecture and Mechanics. The 
east front and Mayor's entrance bears figures of Asiatic, Chinese and Japanese types, and those expres- 
sive of Art, Science, Peace, Industn^ Mining, Engineering, Morning, Light, etc. The south front and 
entrance to Courts of Justice contain figures of Africans, South Sea Islanders, Tigers and Lions, the 
Citv and State Coat of Arms, and also Moses typifying the Law of Justice, Execution, Youth, Water, 
etc. The western facade and the corridor, which is identified with the Criminal Department, contains 
figures of Charity, Sympathy, Repentance, Meditation, Sorrow and Pain, Tigers, Thorns and Thistles. 
The figures of Indians, squaws and western pioneers in picturesque groups indicate the direction of 
outlook from its windows. This comprehensive scheme of emblematic treatment is continued in the 
principal apartments, notably in the Supreme Court Chambers, which are further embellished with 
portraits of famous jurists of the State. The furnishing throughout is of a substantial and sumptuous 
character. 

The magnificent bronze figure of William Penn, the work of Philadelphia mechanics, is placed, 
for temporary inspection, in the City Hall Plaza. It is 37 feet high and weighs 52,400 pounds. It was 
cast in forty-seven pieces, and so skilfully joined that the most careful inspection fails to detect the 
junctures. The following are the dimensions of the different elements of the statue : 

Hat, 3 feet in diameter; rim, 23 feet in circumference ; nose, 13 inches long; eyes, 12 inches 
long and 4 inches wide ; mouth, from corner to corner, i foot ; face, from hat to chin, 3 feet 3 inches ; 
hair, 4 feet long ; shoulders, 28 feet in circumference and 15 feet in diameter ; waist, 24 feet in circum- 
ference and 8 feet 9 inches in diameter ; buttons on coat, 6 inches in diameter ; hands, 6 feet 9 inches in 
circumference, 3 feet in diameter and 4 feet long ; fingers, 2 feet 6 inches long ; finger nails, 3 inches 
long; legs, from ankle to knee, 10 feet ; ankle, 5 feet in circumference ; calf of legs, S feet 8 inches in 
circumference ; feet, 22 inches wide, 5 feet 4 inches long. 

The scroll bears a seal of Charles II., 2 feet in diameter, and on the exposed page has the 
following inscription : 

Charles II., King of lingland and France, Defender of the Faith — To whom these presents shall 
come, " Greeting : '' 

Whereas, Our trustie and well-beloved subject, William Penn, lisq., soini and heir of Sir William 
Penn, deceased, etc. 

Public elevators are operated, connecting with all floors, and another rises to the top of the great 
tower, being operated every week-day. The remarkable hanging stairways at the four angles of the 
building are worthy of special notice by the visitor. An interesting object to be seen temporarily, 
upon free exhibition at the City Hall, is a beautiful model of the Centennial Exhibition, placed in a 
room upon the second floor at the northern entrance. 

It is a part of the present plan to illuminate the exterior of the building at night with splendid 
lamps nearly fifty feet in height, one at each corner of the structure, bearing groups of incandescent 
and arc electric points, thus intensifying the lights and shadows that surround this majestic business 
office of the people, and furnishing a final emblem of joy and sorrow in the busy current of human 
life that surges without cessation around its base. 




CHARLES S. l.OCKK. 



Telephone Call. 1866 .^Sfh 5t. 



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= = = = OHIO. 



Crane Company "^.Z,!"' 

MANrFACTlKKRS 

WROUGHT IRON PIPE for Steam, Gas and Water MALLEABLE and CAST IRON FITTINGS 

BRASS and IRON VALVES, GATE VALVES and COCKS, ENGINE TRIMMINGS 

HOSE GOODS. STEAM and GAS FITTERS' TOOLS 

WROUGHT TUBE and CAST IRON RADIATORS, PLUMBING SUPPLIES, HOSE, BELTING 

PACKING, WINDMILLS, PUMPS, DRIVE WELL POINTS, ETC. 

PIPK CUX AND FITTED TO F^I^AN 

15 



Bureaus of Police and Fire. 




Philadelphia is justly proud of her Police and Fire organizations. 
They are organized as bureaus, the former having its headquarters 
at the City Hall, and the latter at 1328 Race Street. 

Superintendent of Police, Robert J. I^inden, is at the head of a 
force of 2027 men, in four divisions ; each in charge of a Captain. 
These are subdivided into twenty-nine districts ; each having its Sta- 
tion, in addition to which there are eleven Sub-Stations and eighteen 
Patrol Stations, with wagons and crews. Three companies of 
Mounted Police perform suburban service. A Reserve Corps, com- 
posed of picked men, many of them being of large stature, and a 
Harbor Police manning two well equipped tugs, are also features. 
Patrolmen report to their stations hourly, from signal boxes, of 
which there are 395. 

James C. Baxter, Jr., a veteran fireman, is Chief of the P'ire 
Department; the entire force numbers 692 men. The City is di- 
vided into eight Fire Districts, each under the supervision of an 
Assistant Engineer. Direct telephone service connects head(iuartcrs 
with all of the companies. 

The City has the following apparatus : — Forty-five Steam 
Fire Engines, forty-one Hose Carts, nine Hayes Hook and Ladder 
Trucks, one Double Tank Eighty-five Gallon Chemical Engine, one 
Water Tower, four Duval Water Towers for Aerial Ladders, one 
Double Tank Fifty Gallon Chemical Engine, Fire Boat, two Double 
Tank Sixty Gallon Chemical F^ngines, two Double Tank Thirty-five 

Gallon Chemical Engines and Hose Wagon combined ; in addition to which each Fjigine Company 

carries one Six Gallon Hand h'ire Extinguisher, and each Truck 

Company two Six Gallon Hand Fire I^xtinguishers on their appa- 
ratus. In the old volunteer da>s tlie firemen of Philadelphia were 

noted for their alacrity and excellent >ervice. Many of the best 

men in the present service graduated from the rough and frequent 

experiences of that period. 

The Insurance Patrol, a finely disciplined corps of men, is . 

maintained by the Insurance Companies, and perform hazardous 1 

work in covering goods in buildings during conflagrations. In 

point of intelligence, physical superiority, efficiency and neatness 

of appearance, both the Police and Fire forces are not excclleii 

by those of any city in the United States. Visitors are shown 

apparatus and apartments at the fire houses willingly by the men 

on duty. 

The City Fire Boat, throwing a powerful stream, is of fre- 

(juent aid in suppressing conflagrations by co-operating with the 

engine companies along the Delaware and Schuylkill River fronts. 

The illustrations herewith afford an excellent idea of the uniforms 

of these two model departments. 



A C-^PT.\IN OF POLICE. 







f 




plumbers' Specialties 



Porcelain Bath Tubs 
Minton's 



AtA 



Files 



182 



Miller c^ Coates, 279 Pearl St., New York 

' M0RRIS,TlSKER& Co., '^^^ 



OFFICES 



INCORPORATED 

222 & 224 So. Third St., Philadelphia. 



MANTFACTfRHRS OV 

Boiler Tabes. Wronglit Iron Pipe and Fittings. HeaYy Castings. Tools and Machinery. 

Trolley Pipe Poles, Brackets, Arms, Etc. 



PASCAL IRON W^ORKS, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



DELAWARE IRON WORKS, 

NKW CAiSXLK, OELAWARK. 



EXHAUST STEAM 



rrrii/ED to 



ECONOMY, 



Ok INCRIZASE OF POWRR-AND HOW. 



SPECIALISTS 

In examining 5teani Plants where increased efficiency and er^ater 
economy is desired in heatinj; Feed Water for Steam Boilers; also 
\^armi^K huildinKS by the utilization of exhaust steam without back 
pressure upon the engine, irrespective of present heaters or methods 
employed. 

SEND FOR CATALOGUES, 1. 2, 3. 

Co OPFRATION OF Pl.rMBERS ANP STFAM T-ITTFRS SOI ICITK D — P \ R nCfl. ARS KfRXISHKn. 



Webster *» Vacuum " Feed Water Heater and Purifier. 
Webster Oil and Steam Separators. 
Williames* Vacuum System of Steam Heating. 



WARREN lWEBSTER & CO. 



Main Office and Works 

■ ^AMr>cxr N J. 



pipe Wrenches- 



THE "CURTIS" 



"Alligator" 

TRADE MARK 





in. $2.25 12 in, $2-75 15 in. $3 00 18 in. $3.50 22 in. $5.00 



The "Alligator" Wrenches are forged solid in one pitn. , with trnipn e<i 
steel jaws. They have ratchet teeth cut diagovallv across one jaw, thus 
enabling them to bite with three teeth at once. 

The" Cnrtis" Wrenches have the diagonally cut teeth of the "Alligator" 
on both jaws acting in opposite directions. The jaws are connected by 
swinging bolt and swinging link which gives a qnick. snre grip. These 
Wrenches can be used in contracted space where no other wrench can. 

^t ANTl ACTTRFD (INLY i;\ 



The "Alligator" Wrench 



Holils No. I 

Pipe V%—''i 

Round iron \i — ■% 

I.enjrth -kV, 

rcr Dn/eii $4.00 



No. 2 No. '3 

9 IfS 

$12.00 $24.00 



No. 4 No. 5 

■'4-2 I . -,, 

lH-2/! I 25i-^^= 

22 27 

$j6.oo $54.00 



American Saw Company, Trenton, n. j. 



Our Streets. 



Bv GKaRGK 



Bullock, Chikf of IIighwav Drpartment. 




FIRST TROLLEY LINE IN PHILADELPHIA. 



In the work of gradual improvement of the 
pavements of highways in Philadelphia, 
special conditions have always existed 
involving prolilems not encountered, to the 
same extent, by the authorities of any other 
American city. These conditions are 
partially due to the exceptionally large area 
of territory occupied by our urban and 
suburl)an population, and also because of 
the large num'ocr of principal streets and 
a\'enues occupied by the tracks of various 
passenger railway companies. Although 
the condition of nearly 50 per cent, of our 

streets continues to the present time to be far behind that of scores of younger cities in all parts of the 

country, there is a prospect, amounting indeed to a certainty, that the best forms of paving will soon 

be found throughout the whole municipality. This result must follow the adoption of tlie trolley 

system of propulsion by the combined railway companies, as a condition to which they are bound by 

the terms of their concessions from the city. In addition to this means of improvement the a\'ailable 

annual appropriations for the repaving of old streets by the Highway Department, and the large 

amounts paid by citizens for paving of new streets in the suburljs under its direction, will continue to 

rapidly change the old order of things until, in a short time the last of the cobble stones will disappear 

frijin the scene forever. 

Three classes of material are now employed in the city proper for paving, nameh% the Belgian 

block, where heavy traffic 

demands this class of work : 

vitrified brick and sheet 

asphaltum. The appropria- 
tion for 1893 was$i ,345,919. 

The passenger railways spent 

$200,000 on paving. The 

number of miles paved during 

the year was 50.39, of which 

the city paved 23.56. 

The total length of all 

streets and roads in the city 

is now 1,297.7 miles, 32 

miles of which were opened 

in 1S93. The total length of 

paved streets is 82 1 miles. 

During the present year 

between 60 and 70 miles of 

new paving in asphalt and 

Belgian blocks will be laid in 

the city, of which the street 

railway lines will put down 

the greater part, at a cost of 

about $4,000,000. 




CHESTNUT STREET, WESTWARD FROM SIXTH. 



THK SVSTKM OF XrMBERINTr HOCSRS. 

One linndretl nunihers :irealli>led to eacii block, coiiniieiicing at tlie Delaware River runniiig; west, 
and at Market Street running north and south. Houses ou the south and west sides of streets have 
even numbers ; those on the east and north sides of streets have uneven numbers. 

Tin-: N.XMES OF STKICFTS. 

The names of streets are disjilayed on the lamp-posts and on houses at the intersections. Com- 
mencing with Delaware Avenue at the Delaware River, the first street west is named h'ront Street ; the 
second is named Second Street, and so on to the city limits, numerals being used for all streets ruiuiing 
north and south, with the exception of Hroad Gtreet. Names are used for all streets running east and 
west, as slujwn in the following list : 

X.\MKS OF STRKICTS UrNNINC. I':.\ST .VND WI-:S'r, WITH NrMHl-:KS OI' Hor.SICS. 



NORTH Ol' M.^RKKT STKKKT. 



.SOITH Ol- M.-VRKKT SfKEET. 



HOITSE 






HOT-SK 




NO. 


NAMK (H* STRKKT. 


SO. 


NAMK i>K STREET. 


i 


Market. 




1400 


Master. 


ICO 


Arch. 




1 500 


Jefferson. 


200 


Race. 




1 600 


Oxford. 


300 


Vine. 




1700 


Columbia .\\e. 


400 


Callowhill 




1800 


Montgomery .\\e 


«« 


Noble. 




1 900 


Berks. 


500 


Buttonwoot 


1. 


2000 


Norris. 


5^<-> 


Spring Oar( 


:len. 


2 1( l< ) 


Diamond. 


600 


Green . 




2200 


Susiiuehanna .\ve 


700 


Fairmount 


Ave. 


2300 


Dauiihin. 


Soo 


Brown . 




2400 


York. 


836 


Parrish. 




2500 


Cumberland. 



goo Poplar. 
1200 Girard Ave 
1300 Thompson. 



2600 Huntingdon. 
2700 Lehigh Ave. 
2800 Somerset. 



HOl-SK 




HOUSE 




NO. 


NAME OF STREET 


NO. 


NA.ME OF STREET. 


1 


Market. 


1400 


Reed. 


I Of) 


Chestnut. 


1500 


Dickinson. 


200 


Walnut. 


1600 


Taskcr. 


3* to 


S])ruce. 


I 7<x> 


Morris. 


4( )o 


Pine. 


1 ,S< )(_) 


Moore. 


5"<' 


Lombard. 


I<)<)0 


Mifflin. 


600 


.S(mlli. 


2000 


McKean. 


7()<. 


Bainbridge 


2100 


Snyder Ave. 


74" 


iMtzwater. 


2200 


Jackson. 


.S(K) 


Catharine. 


2300 


Wolf. 


(-)()( ) 


Christian. 


2400 


Ritner. 


I ( >no 


Carj>cnter. 


2500 


Porter. 


I [OD 


Washington Ave. 


2600 


Sliunk. 


I 200 


Federal . 


2700 


Oregon .\ve. 


1 300 


Wharton. 


2800 


Johnston. 



Street cars run on the streets and in the direction indicated as follows : North on Third, Fifth, 
Eighth, Ninth, 1-vleventh, Thirteenth. Sixteenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth. South on Second, 
Fourth, Sixth. Seventh, Tenth, Twelfth, h'ifteenth, Seventeenth and Twentieth. East on Lombard, 
Spruce, Chestnut, M:u'ket, I'ilberl, .\rch. Race, Callowhill, Sjiring Garden, Green, Wallace. Girard 
Avenue, Jefferson, Columbia Ax'eiuK- and Norris. West on South, Pine, Walnut, Sansom, Market, 
Arch, \'ine, Callowhill, Spring Garden, l'"airniount Avenue, Girard Avenue, Master, Columbia Avenue 
and Susquehaiina Avenue. 

Broad Street Omnibus Line, from Broad and Huntingdon Streets to Snyder Avenue. Return 
same route. Time for round-trip, one hour and thirty-eight minutes. 





The Parks and Squares of the City, 



By Charles S. Kevser. 




BRONZE STATUE OF JEANNE n'ARC 

Girard Avenue entrance of I^emon Hill 

Fairmouut Park. 



Reservations of ground as parks and squares for the general enjoyment of the 
people of Philadelphia have been made in twenty-three of the thirty-five wards 
of the city, and fairly provide for the needs of the citizens. They are the 
result of a policy inaugurated by the founder of the State, who laid out on the 
plan of the city four squares, or areas of ground, at its four angles, containing 
together twenty-eight and a half acres, and further intended that tlie whole 
front of the city along the Delaware River should be kept a green slope. 

The numicipality subsequently improved these squares, and from tune to 
time added other small tracts generally called squares, from their rectangular 
borders, so that there are now thirty -three open areas of ground through the 
.< city, embracing altogether two hundred and seventeen acres, the connnon 

property of the citizens. Among these is "Stenton," an old homestead, 
fourteen acres, formerly the property of James Logan, Colonial Secre- 
tary of the founder; " Bartram's Garden," eleven acres, the first 
b(jtanical garden in America; the ground, two and a half acres, where 
the founder made his world-famed treaty with tlie Indians under the 
great elm tree; and "Independence Sqiiare," four and a half acres, 
where the Declaration of Independence was first read to the people. 
These grounds, either have been or are being laid out in walks and 
lighted and planted with trees, are a distinctive feature of the city plan, 
and of inestimable value as breathing places for the citizens. There is also a larger tract, "Hunting 
Park," forty-three acres, enclosing a mile course, now a public common for the citizens. But the most 
popular of these grounds of Philadelphia, as well as the most notable piece of ground for its extent and 
natural advantages within the borders of any municipality, either in Europe or America, is " Fairmount 
Park," a great tract of land and water brought into prominence by the reservation made out of it for the 
Centennial h^xhibition of 1876. It lies on both sides of the Schuylkill River, in the western portion of 
the cit}' plan, and extends from its east entrance westward three and a half miles, northward five and 
a half niiles along the Schuylkill Riwr, to the northwestern boundary^ of the city, and a further distance 
of six and a half miles along the Wissahickon, a tributarv' stream which flows into this river, the whole 
tract embracing an area of land and water of nearly thr.^e thousand acres. 

It is dedicated to the use of the whole people of the State as a public common, and is in charge 
of a Board of Commissioners, who are authorized to make the necessary expenditures for its mainten- 
ance from appropriations made 
annually for this purpose by the 
councils of the city. It was 
acquired by the city under the 
authority of the State, mainly I)}' 
purchase. A large portion of it, 
however, was the gift of citizens. 
The river which passes through it 
is the main supply of the water 
for the city, and the preservation 
of its purity was one of the pur- 
poses of the acquisition of its 
waters within the grounds. The 



OLD BARTRAM MANSION. 




'^:^^>_ ■:^'' 




-y 




'^Sot' 



KQCFSTRIANS IN I-AIRMOL'NT I'VKK. 



whole tract was fonnerh^ a series of estates. One jiortiou of it was the residence of John Penn, the 
hist Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania : another, the estate of Judge Peters, the Secretary of War of the 
Colonies durintj tlie Revolution ; another, the country seat of Robert Morris, the Financier of the Revo- 
lution. The mansion of Judge Peters, as well as others of these colonial dwellings, remain as they 
were during the Revolution. The chief modern buildings are "Memorial Hall " and " Horticultural 
Hall." Memorial Hall was built from appropriations made by the State, and for the Centennial ]%x])o- 
sition of 1S76, at a cost of one and a half million dollars. A gallery of pictures is a leading featiue of 
this building. There are large numbers of rare curios, old laces, armor, cannings, etc. This building is 
open to the public free daily, including Sundays, throughout the year. Horticultural Hall was built at 
the same time by the city. It contains a magnificent collection of plants, among them the fern trees of 
Australia. The other near by structures are the Ohio building and the buildings of the British Com- 
missioners, also remembrances of that Centennial. The buildings of the Zoological Garden, the grounds 
of which cover a tract of thirty-three acres, are upon the western shore of the Schuylkill River, below 

(lirard .-\ venue. The boat club houses of the Schuylkill Navy are above 
the old Faimiount Water Works, along the margin of the river. 

These last are ecjual in all their appointments to those of any 
organization for similar purposes, in fact no similar collection of buildings 
as extensive for boating clubs is found anywhere else in the United States. 
The national rowing course is an exceptional water for its freedom from 
wind and currents. Three of the city's water works and their reservoirs 
are also located in Fairmount Park. One of these reservoirs covers a tract 
of one hundred and five acres. 

It is, however, in its natural advantages that the park had its 
admirable place among the pleasure grounds of the world. 
The lower Schuylkill section, two thousand two hundred 
and forty acres, contains half a million trees and shrubs, 
among these three thousand four hundred forest trees,' with 
some rare specimens eighteen to twenty-seven feet in circum- 
ference : it contains three hundred and twenty-one genera 
and six hundred and fifty varieties of herbaceous and cryp- 
togamous plants. The flowers and flowering shrubs are a 
remarkable feature in this park. These have been classified 




-aiV 




A VISTA I.N WKST I'AIRMDfNT PARK, 




INTHRIOR HORTICUI.TUKAI. IIAI.I,. 








!^i^ . 








GIRAKIJ AVI-:::tJE BRIDGE ACKUSS THK SCIIUVI.KILI. RIVER. 




A r.r.IMPSK OP TITK WISSAHICKON, FAIRMOrNT PARK, 



in five hundred genera and scnxii Innulrcd varieties ; tlie park contains also in its stratifications one-sixth 
of all the known minerals of the United States ; its waters, fifteen species offish ; and its woods, thickets 
and meadows seventy-seven species of birds, resident or migratory, oiiserved during the year. 

The Schuylkill River within its borders has an average breadth of a c[uarter of a mile, in some 
parts broading so as to present the appearance of lakes, in others showing a slow flowing stream. The 
W'issahickon, its tributary, is among the most remarkable of all known waters as a type of the purely 
romantic in scener>'. The park besides contains twenty smaller streams and one hundred and fifty 
springs of clear, cold water. It has even' variety of scenen,- — upland, lawn, rocky ravines, high hill 
summits and open fields. It is made accessible to the visitors by fifty miles of carriage drives, and one 
hundred miles of smaller roads and paths, and by row boats and steamers on the .Schuvlkill River, a 
distance of six miles, and by row boats on the Wissahickon, a distance of two miles. 

There are a number of pieces of statuary in the grounds, gifts of indi\-iduals and societies, mainly 
of the " Park Art Association," organized for this purpose. They embrace great men of the Revolution 
and of our own time ; among them are Charles Carroll, of Carrollton ; Commodore Harry, of the Revo- 
lutionarj- Navy, and Dr. Witherspoon. There are also statues of Humboldt, Abrah;un Lincoln and 
General George Gordon Meade, Morton McMichael, Goethe and Schiller, a statue of Religious Liberty, 
and a statue of Columbus which is believed to be the first erected in any part of the United States. 
The beautiful equestrian statue of Jeamie D'Arc, a picture of which embellishes this article, was 
recently erected in the park at the eastern approach to Girard A\-enue bridge. The cost of the grounds 
ai<d subsequent improvements have been about ten millions of dollars. 

In this notice T have summarized papers prepared for me by the following citizens of Philadelphia: 
The ornithology. b>- C. Few Seiss, his cla,ssification embraces resident, summer resident, winter resident 
and migratory ; the ichthyologj-, by the late Thaddeus Xorris, it embraces local and migrators' ; the list 
of trees by Isaac Burke, with additions by Thomas Meehan, embracing trees and shrubs ; the list of 
flowers ft-om the collections of George Worley, William Haworth, E. Price, and the writer 



LOOK HERE... 



l^rotcct 

And propose to see that the famous Ohio Stop and Waste Cocks are 
in use in every part of the United States. 

Ha^■inK tested e\ery one to 200 lbs. Water Pressure, we absolutely guarantee them 





THe DUlo Brass and iron mfg. Do. Cleveland, onio 

FLECK BROS. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Manufacturers and Jobbers of 

Fine Plumbing: Goods 






Office and Store ^j^^^. 
44N.5lhSt. 



and 



507 North St 




i2^ Warehonse 



and 



Branch Store 
1641-1643-1645 
American St. 



You are invited to call and see Exhibit of Plumbino- Goods in our Show 



Room, at 44 N. 5th .Street. 



24 



The Zoological Garden. 



Bv C. L. Jefferson. 



-i%^: 







ENTRANCH flF Tin; ZOOI.or.ICAI, CARDEN. 



The l)eautiful garden of 
the Philadelphia Zuological 
Society has, ever since its 
establishment in 1S74, 
grown steadily in popular 
appreciation as a place of 
resort for excursion parties 
from the cities and town;- 
within reach. The oppor- 
tunity which it affords, 
botli to children and those 
of mature years, for ol)- 
taining a familiar knowl- 
edge of the varied fonns of 
life which abound under 
nature in all portions of 
the earth, combined with 
the pleasurable accessories of trees, foliage, and the nian\- jjroducts uf the gardener's art, render it 
specially well adapted to such a purjiose. The garden covers about thirty-fi\e acres of ground, beauti- 
fully situated on the bank of the Schuylkill River, just below ( .irard Axenue bridge, and is, in fact, the 
southern extremity of West Kainnount Park. A considerable part of the enclosure was originally the 
estate of John Penn, a grandson of the founder of the Commonwealth, whose mansion — "Solitude" — 
Still stands, unaltered, about the middle of the grounds. 

The lasing out of the garden, with the buildings and enclosures for animals, represents an outlay 
of nearly half a million dollars. The collection of animals, which is the primary object of the estab- 
lishment, has been selected with a view to the educational facilities which can be afforded in no way 
but by grouping together living s])ecimens, and is justly regarded as not onh- by far the best in this 
country, but as of equal rank with the best of the long-established institutions of like nature in luirope, 
where almost every city has its zoological garden for tlie recreation and instruction of its people. 

The buildings are striking instances of tlie adaptation which may be reached between archi- 
tectural effect and practical fitness for the special purpose of their erection. The carnivora house is a 
massive structure of brick, over two hundred feet long, surrounded by outside cages for sunnner use on 
one side, while on the other is a terrace of stone, with beds C(3ntaining a grreat variety of tropical cactus, 
and a fountain basin filled with many kinds of colored water-lilies. It contains many specimens of the 
lion, tiger, leopard, puma, hyaena, and all the large carnivora, besides sun-bears, porcupines, and many 
other animals. 

The elephant house, the largest and most costly of the build- 
ings, contains a numl)er of elephants, the enormous Indian rhinoceros, 
hippopotamus, zebra, tapirs, etc. In front is a large stone tank in 
which the elephants are bathed everj- afternoon during warm weather, 
affording by their clumsy sport while in the water a never-ceasing 
source of amusement to the gathered crowd. 

The deer house, in front of which are the seal ponds, contains 
a number of deer and antelope, mainly from Africa and South 
America; also, kangaroos, ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and the 

25 




brush-turke}'. The rare and interesting' chimpanzee, which, next to the goriUa, is the largest among 
apes, is also kept in this building. 

The aviary, at the southern end of the grounds, is filled with a collection mostly of tropical 
birds, toucan,;, parrots, macaws, pigeons, etc., whose brilliant colors show in the airy and sunlit build- 
ing like the gorgeous shades of beds of variegated flowers. 

The polar bear pen. the pits for other bears, the deer park, the iron cattle pens, the enclosures 
for camels, llamas, elk, and buffalo, the prairie dog village, pheasant cages, lake for swans, ducks, 
and geese, the beaver pond, eagle aviary with the large monkey house and reptile house, are scattered 
throughout the grounds, and afford material to occupy a full day in a careful inspection. Guide-books 
giving full descriptions of the animals are sold at the gates for fifteen cents. Especial attention is given 
to gardening, both landscape and ornamental, and the effects produced by the extensive display of native 
and exotic plants of all varieties is probably uot surpassed in this country. 

Quick and easy means of transit are at hand to all points about the city. The Zoological 
Garden Station, on the Peiuisylvania Railroad, is directly at the north gate, and is within six nuiuites' 
ride of the Broad Street Station and the new Public Buildings. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad 
has a station at Girard Avenue, within five minutes' reach of the garden. Steamers ply on the 
Schuylkill River from the water-works, nearly opposite, to the Wissahickon, stopping every few 
moments at the garden, and street cars run to all parts of the city. 



The Local Census. 



When the Board of Managers of the Trades League determined to undertake the " Book of Philadel- 
])hia," it was recognized that among the most important of the many items of information to be gathered 
into its pages was a careful and unassailable count of our population. Having this in view the aid ot 
the Mayor and Councils was invoked, with the result that the police, under the direction of Captain J. 
A. Kaiser, as Superintendent of the Census, obtained the following rtrsults, which gives Philadelphia 
her rightful place as second of American cities in point of population : 

POITLATKJN OF THE CITY OF PHILADKLPHI.V, NOVEMBER, 1892. 

Over 21 years. Under 21 years. I'opulation ^ Over 21 years. Under 21 years, I'opulation 

Wards. Males. Females. Males Females, of Wards. Wards. Males. Females. Males. Females, ol Wards. 

I 17,576 17,489 13,448 13,320 61,833 ^° 13.212 16,015 7.531 7.970 44.728 

2 10,361 9,659 6,979 6,774 33,773 21 7,988 8,124 6,029 6,057 28,198 

3 6,964 6,513 4,571 4,45^ 22,501 22 13,855 17,277 9,718 10,116 50,966 

4 7,217 6,297 4,455 4,409 22,37s 23 6,759 7.0S4 4,493 4,502 22,828 

5 6,675 5,749 3,130 3,098 18,652 24 .... 13,718 16,661 8,299 8,907 47.585 

6 3,593 2,503 1,519 1,496 9,111 25 11,310 10,701 9,776 9,501 41,288 

7 9,449 I2,Sl2 4,548 4,901 31,710 26 20,075 20,218 15.239 15.021 70,553 

8 . ... 6,254 8,754 2,134 2,115 19.257 27 i'.9,i5 13.203 6,295 6,495 37,928 

9 3,698 3,772 1,242 1,254 9.966 28 17.989 18,770 12,525 12,423 61,707 

10 8,391 8,639 2,781 3,034 22,845 29 16,157 20,408 11,366 10,596 58.527 

II 4,543 3,4S4 2,638 2.549 13,214 30 8,754 10,170 5,654 5,728 30,306 

12 5,o.S3 4,558 2,415 2,459 14.515 31 9.598 9.798 7,0,83 6,980 33.459 

13 6.578 6,,SS7 2,654 2.674 18,793 32 9.673 12,982 5,358 5,848 33,861 

14 7,387 7,942 3,201 3.258 21,788 33 12,186 11,790 ",315 10,092 44,383 

15 16,306 18,337 8,736 0,947 52,326 34 6,880 6,689 5,837 5,323 24,729 

16 5,066 4,971 3,431 3,482 16,950 35 5,358 4,516 3,102 3,191 16,167 



Totals . 342,168 364,610 217,637 218,238 1,142,653 



17 5,763 5.727 3.886 4,011 19,387 

18 9,135 8,884 5.876 5.570 29,425 

19 16,682 17,267 ii,3''^3 11,684 57,016 

When this result was pul)lished the Trades League, whose special committee had taken an active 
part in the work, expressed to Mayor Stuart, in an oflicial letter, the belief that the figures were entirely 
correct, and that the excellent system adopted, reflected great credit upon the Police Bureau. 

26 



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Public Schools. 



COMPILED FROM THE REPORT O.' THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 




wmmm 













a (. i su 



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NEW NORMAL SCHOOL. 



Philadelphia has invested in public school property the sum of 
$io, i6(), 695.00. In 1893, 125,180 pupils attended 428 public 
schools in Philadelphia, at an expense of $3,461,183.05, of which 
$531,225.59 was chargeable to permanent improvement. The 
average expense for each pupil was $23.61 per annum. The 
average annual expense of the Manual Training School l^oys was 
$113.50 (see Manual Training Schools); of High School boys, 
$90.02; of the Normal School Girls, $37.29. The average daily 
attendance was 55,594 boys and 58,765 girls. 2988 teachers, of 
whom 137 are men, are employed ; the item of salary for instuctors 
being $2,006,571.10. 

Of the 428 schools, 86 are under supervising principals. 
There are 119 primary schools, 64 secondaries, 77 kindergartens, 
52 combined secondary and primary schools, 37 grammar, 31 
consolidated, 29 combined grammar, secondary and primary, 5 combined grammar and primary, 3 cooking, 
2 manual training and i each of boys' high, girls' high and girls' normal schools, school of practice, 
industrial art school, elementary manual training school and school of pedagogy. The girls' normal 
school is now provided with a structure which ranks well with any school building in the United States. 
It is erected upon the siie of the old .Spring Garden Hall, at Thirteenth and Spring Garden Streets. 
The present membership of the girls' high school is 1790, and the number of instructors is 53, the 
principal being j\Ir. George W. Fetter, who has occupied this pcjst continuously since 1865. The 
course of study covers four years. Of the 5772 pupils who have graduated since the opening of this 
school in 1848, 487S have subsequently become teachers in the public schools. 

The public instruction of Philadelphia is in charge of a Board of Education, the city being 
divided into school sections of which there are 37. School directors are also chosen at local elections 
by the people. The immediate charge of the work of education is in the hands of a superintendent, 
the present incumbent being Edward Brooks, LL- D., who has a staff of six assistants. The offices of 
the Board are upon Filbert Street above Seventh. The reader is referred to the chajiter upon Manual 
Training Schools for information regarding an important branch of the public education. 




COOKING CLASS, PtiBLIC SCHOOL AT SEVENTH AND NORRIS STREETS. 



The Drexel Institute. 



l!v Jamhs MAcAr.iST)iR, IJ,.I). 



The Drexel Institute, toundetl by Anthony J. Drexel, for the proniution of education in art, science ami 
industry, was opened on December 17, iSyr. The chief object of the Institute is the extensinn and 
improvement of indu-strial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to 
young men and women. It was the founder's desire, however, that the plan of organization should 
be comprehensive, providing liberal means of culture for the masses through the instrumentality of 
lectures, e\-ening classes, a library and a museum. 

The Institute is situated on Chestnut Street, corner of Thirty-second, at a point where elec- 
tric railways converge, within easy distance of the Powelton Avenue and the South Street stations 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and but three squares from the station of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad. 

The building, constructed of light buff brick with terra-cotta ornamentation, measures, 011 the 
ground plan, 200 by 200 feet, and is four stories in height. The principal entrance is on Chestnut 
Street, by a richly decorated portal, 26 feet wide and 35 feet high, which leads through a portico to 
a spacious entrance hall, the ceiling of which is supported by pillars of red Georgian marble. Beyond 
this is the grand central court, 65 feet square and the entire height of the building ; the ceiling being 
a skylight of stained glass. At the farther end of the court is the great marble stairway, leading to 
the upper floors and to the basement. Broad galleries surround the central court and give access to 
the various class-rooms, laboratories and studios on the upper floors. On the first floor are the 
library, the reading room, the museum, the lecture hall and the auditorium. The lecture hall has 
chairs for 300 students. The auditorium, which has a separate entrance on Thirty-second Street, is a 
spacious and finely equipped hall capable of seating 1500 persons. It is furnished with upholstered 
arm-chairs. At the eastern end is a fine organ enclosed in a beautifully decorated screen in the style of 
the Italian Renaissance. 

Forty class-rooms, studios and workshops occupy the second, third and fourth floors and the 
basement, the workshops being situated in the basement, and the physical laboratories and a gym- 
nasium on the second, third and fourth floors. The two terms of the year begin respectively September 
15th and February ist. The e\-ening classes begin in October and continue until the end of March. 
Instruction is given in drawing, designing, modeling in clay, wood-carving, mathematics, physics, 
chemistry, applied electricity, wood and iron working, cookery, millinery, dress-making, stenography 
and type-writing, book-keeping, physical culture, and choral music. 

The library and reading room are open not only to students, Init also to the general public, daily, 
except Sunday, from 9 \. m. to 6 P. m., and during the Winter months from 7 to 10 i>. m. The 
museum is open to the public on the same days and at the same hours as the library. It already 
includes a large collection of wood and metal work, ceramics, embroideries and textiles given by Mr. 
Drexel, the founder of the Institute. \'alual)le and important gifts have been made to the collection 
by George W. Childs, the late Mrs. James W. Paul, Jr., James W. Paul, Jr., the family of the late 
Lieutenant Allan G. Paul, U. S. X., Dr. Edward H. Williams and Thomas K. Kirby. 

The auditorium is in use throughout the season of instruction for popular and classic concerts, 
lectures, educational assemblages and nuny like events to which the public is admitted either free or 
upon the payment of a small sum. 

Viewed as a memorial of one of Philadelphia's most valued and philanthropic citizens, the 
Drexel Institute is probably uneciualled by any similar institution founded upon private endowment in 
this country, in the great influence it must have upon the skill of our coming generations in the applied 
arts, through the benificent instruction which may be obtained within its portal. 

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Nos. 523-25-27 Cherry Street 

T3T-TTT AT^T.-T PTTTd 



The Churches and Sunday Schools of Philadelphia. 



Bv J. K. De I,.\ Motta, Public Ledger. 




OI,D SWKDKS CHIKCII. 



There can l>e little dtnibt that, comparatively 
speaking, PhiUulelpliia lias a larger nnin1)er of 
cluirclies than any other city, and it is a wt'l- 
known fact not to he disputed that tlie religions 
character of tlie people, their dc\t)tion and tlio 
attendance on the services of the church, far 
exceeds that of any other city. Phihidelphia is 
noted for the large number of her Sunday Schools 
and Sunday Schocjl scholars, iK-iiig in that respect 
far ahead of otlier cities, and ii is in the Sunday 
School that the children arc trained to lead t;(jod 
and useful lives. The religious character of tlie 
people of the City (jf Hrotherly Love may he 
attributed to a number of causes, one of tlie 
principal, probably, being the large Quaker 
element. Another reason may l>e the fact that 
Philadelphia is emphatically the city of homes, 
and there is e\'ery iiiceiiti\e for the encourage- 
ment of the domestic relation. Taverns and 
places of amusement are not kept open on Sunday, as is tlie case in so many Western cities, and those 
who might be inclined to frequent tliem are thus led to places of worship. It is becoming ex'ery \-ear 
more and more rare for churches to be closed during the Summer. When repairs are being made in 
one ])ortioii of tlu- building services are held in another part of the same. 

It is often said to the discredit of Philadeljihia that we have no very distinguished ])reachers and 
no \-ery distinguished churches, while the fact is that the average cliurch in Philadelphia is large and 
distinguished, and, on the oilier hand, the average church in otlier large cities is weak and declining. 
This is simply saying that the churcli life of Philadelphia corres])onds with the general business and 
social life which is of a widespread jirosperity and of universal homes. There are ,-^oo churches in 
Philadelphia which any minister might be proud to preside ox'er, and in which any member might tind 
a happy, religious home ; in other large cities these hundreds must be reduced to scores. Another 
peculiarity of church life in Philadeljihia is that, while loyal to its own denomination, it is devoid of 
sectarianism : the original spirit of William Peim has rendered bigotry, narrowness and sectarian 
jealousy imjiossible in the City of l^rotherly Love. There is no city in the wcjrld wliere the average 
church member is so generally identified with some philanthrcipic and benevolent institution or object. 
.\ man or woman in any church in Philadelphia who has not some ])et scheme of charity, some 
orjihanage, (jr home, or refuge, or asylum to which he or she devotes time, thought or nione>-, is a rare 
exception. 

Of the 6o(i churches in Philadelphia there are 40(j connected with denominations that fa\or 
Christian Ivndea\or. In these churches there are 232 Christian lindeavor Societies, and of this number 
215 have joined the Philadelphia Union. There are, in addition, 67 junior societies. The societies 
number about 13,000 members. The Christian ICndeavor movement was inaugurated o\er ele\'en years 
ago, and the first society was started in this city in the ( laston Presbyterian Church about eight years 
ago. The Philadelphia Union, wdiicli was organized April 9, 18SS, with 15 societies, is the largest 
local union in theworld. Its growth has been so rapid as to necessitate its division into branches known 
as Ciermantown, Northeast, Northwest and West Philadelphia. The local union holds three meetings 



each year, aiul the Executive Committee, composed of the Presideuts and Secretaries of the different 
societies, meets monthly. These meetings have an average attendance of 500. 

One of the interesting features of religious work in Philadelphia, which is equalled in very few 
cities in the United States, is the Union Teachers' Study of the International Sunday School Lessons in 
Association Hall. This Bilile Class of 700 superintendents and teachers has fully maintained its 
popularity. Sun(la\- School workers, not only from this city but from tlie surrounding towns, go every 
Saturday afternoon to Association Hall to obtain aid in preparation for tliL-ir Salibath work. 

Philadelphia has a larger number of Methodists than any other cil>-. This sect maintains 95 
churches within tlie city limits, having a membership of about 30,000. The Philadelphia Conference 
embraces 359 churclies. This was the first conference of mini''.'i.ers organized on this continent, six 
clergymen having met for that |)urpose in St. George's Church in 1773. The great Methodist book 
concern originated here, as well as the first missionary society. 

Among the chief glories of Philadelphia are her historic churches still used as regular places of 
worshi[>. and often visited by strangers temporarily sojourning among us. In a grove of stately old 
trees ujion the banks of the Delaware in the southern part of the city stands the ancient Episcopal 
Church of the (iloria Dei, more familiarly known as the Old Swedes. 

Its history is perhaps more interesting and eventful than that of any other church edifice in this 
country, and it stands to-day in a perfect state of preservation upon the original site. More than a half a 
century before William Penn arrived at New Castle, on the Delaware, Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, 
thought of sending a colony of settlers to this country. He was unable to carry out his desire, owing to 
the stormy condition of affairs during his reign ; but in 1636 his daughter. Queen Christina, sent the first 
little band of Swedish colonists, who settled in the \'illage of Wicaco, which at present forms a part of 
this city. In i(>77 the colonists formed a jiarish and erected a rude church constructed of logs, which 
was dedicated on Trinity Sunday of the same 3'ear. The church was known as the " Block House," as 
it also served as a fort to defend the settlers from attacks by the Indians, of whom it is recorded, however, 
that they generally were friendl>' and obliging, owing to the kind treatment they received. The old 
building stood until 1700, when it was torn down, and the present structure of brick was erected in its 
place, and dedicated on the first Sanday after Trinity. Services were conducted in the Swedish language 
until iSiS. 

Old Christ Church is located upon Second Street above Market, in what was once the fashionable 
quarter of the cit>-, but which has for generations been de\'oted almost entirely to purposes of trafhc. 
The church, \\liich was one of the nnist notable structures in the colonies, was completed in 1744, the 
steeple, however, being finished se\-en years later. This church was the place of worship of (leorge 
Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and many other personages of great distinction. 

In the Semicircle of villages which developed about the parent settlement upon the Delaware, 
and which are now included within the city limits, are many quaint early churches still well preserved. 
One of the finest <if these is the Trinity, at Oxford, in Trinity Parish. The grandeur of design and 
extent of man\' of our modern churches forbid especial mention. Numbers of up-town churches 
conform in interior arrangement to the usual plan of the theatrical auditorium. The most notable and 
novel edifice of worship erected within recent years is probably the temple of Grace Baptist Church, 
at the corner of Broad and Berks Streets which employs many striking features of decoration and 
furnishing. 

The most recent statistics obtainable, credit Philadelphia with 616 Sunda\- Schools, in which 
178,865 youths and children are instructed by 16,937 teachers. These being the largest figures given 
for any American city, and in regard to the proportion of percentage of attendance to the whole 
population being excelled only by the cities of Washington, D. C, Rochester, N. V., Newark, N. J., 
Minneapolis, Minn., and Baltimore, M<1. The Philadelphia Baptists also outrank, numerically, any 
other comnuuiity, having 76 churches, with a membership of 25,000; and the great building ot the 
American Baptist Publication Society is located on Chestnut Street. 

The stranger sojourning in Philadelphia o\'er Sunday, and desirous of attending service, will 
find a welcome at any sanctuary he may choose to visit morning or evening. 

34 



The Pennsylvania Museum and School 
of Industrial Art. 



B\ L W. Miller, 1'rincipal 




The Pennsylvania 
Museum and School 
of Industrial Art 
was incorporated on 
the twenty-sixth day 
of F"e])ruary, 1876, 
for the purpose, as 
stated in its charter, 
of establishing ' ' for 
the State of Penn- 
sylvania, in the City 
of Philadelphia, a 
Museum of Art in 
all its branches and 
and technical appli- 
cations, and with a 
special view to the 
flevel()])ment of the 
Art Industries of the 
State, to ]) r o V i d e 
instruction in Draw- 
i ng , Pa i n t i n g, 

Modeling, Designing, etc., through practical schools, sjiecial libraries, lectures and otherwise." Tl;e 
purpose of the institxition as thus defined is distinctly industrial. The collections at .Memorial Hall, 
where thi museum is located, embrace examples of art work of every description ; but as the city 
already jiossessed, in the Pennsylvania Academy of l-'ine Arts, an institution devoted to the advance- 
ment of the Fine Arts, it was determined by the founders to make the collections of the Pennsvlvania 
Museum as largely as possible illustrative of the a]>plication of art to industry, and the instruction in 
the School has constant reference to a similar purpose. The institution owes its origin to the increased 
interest in Art and Art Education awakened by the Centennial Exhibition in 1S76. The valuable 
collection of fabrics, metals, glassware, curios and other interesting objects arranged in Memorial Hall 
is open to the public, free of charge, every day in the week, including Siuidays. and is one of the popu- 
lar places to which residents conduct friends A-isiting the city. 

The School is located at the N. W. Corner of Broad and Pine Streets. An ample staff ol 
profe.ssors of distinction and of instructors is engaged in the service of the School. The number of 
pupils registered in 1893 was 404. Both day and night classes are maintained. Great importance is 
attached to the practical application of the principles taught. No school in America is so thorough 
as this in its devotion to the idea that to be effectual the instruction must be based upon a study of 
the actual requirements of the industries to which art is to be applied. 

The School comprises the following departments : Drawing, Decorative Painting, including 
Fresco Painting; Decorative Sculpture, Wood Work and Carving, Metal Work, Applied Design, 
Architectural Design, Textile Design and Manufacture, Chemistry, Dyeing and Modern Languages. 



.■^CHOnr, HlTLmNC. AT URO.^n .\NI> I'lVK .STREKTS. 



The Manual Training Schools. 



E. A. Partridgp:, Ixstri-ctor in Physics. 




MACHINR SHOP. 



The Manual Traiiiiiitj Schools ol I'liiladelpliia are the ontcome of 
an L-iKk-a\or of a iiunilifr of the nienibers of the Ijoard of Ivluca 
lion, to add to tlie educational s\steni of the city, schools in wliich 
the instruction should be carried on by a method which has long- 
been recognized as the most natural and consequently the best that 
can be concei\'ed. The exercise and cnnseiinent development of 
the senses, the avenues through which all our knowledge reaches 
us, is necessarily the highest aim of the educator. But this sense 
■xercise has until recently been almost entirely neglected. With 
•.he opening of the Manual Training School in September, iS.s^, 
this neglect ceased and a course of study was inaugurated in 
which sense exercise is the object consistently aimed at. The 
work in the several departments is so planned as to be mutually 
helpful. Working in this way the scliool has achieved for itself a 
high reputation lioth in this countiy and in bhirope. At the Paris 
Exhibition it was awarded a gold medal for presenting the Ijest exliibit of work done by an American 
Mar.ual Training School. 

In the Manual Training Schools boys d<.i not lean-, trades, they are taught to use the tools 
employed by the workers at many trades. They thus not only learn the methods of manufacture of 
manv things, but actpiire skill themselves. Skill which enaliles them when they have conceived an 
idea t(_) give it t;;ngihle form. This \'ery ability reacting induces greater fertility of imagination. 
The dexterity to fashion resisting materials into useful things creates in the boy a greater respect for 
the artisan. As a consequence when he comes to the choice of his occupation he will not feel that he 
is limited to the o\"ercro\vded, learned ]inifessions, Imt can gi\-e his natural inclination free sway, and 
lie will not choose blindly, for he will have learned l>y experience whether he is naturally gifted in any 
particular direction. He is not, however, baiTed from a professional life, for when he is graduated he 
is fitted to enter the I'niversity of Pennsyhania. As the University offers a large number of free 
.scholarships, many of the graduates of the school ha\'e availed themselves of the opportunity t(.) 
continue their education. In fact 25 per cent, of the graduates enter colleges or higher technical 
scho(jls. Since the establishment of the school in 1S85, 14^7 boys have entered, over 50 pier cent, of 
whom have graduated. Taken together with the fact that only between 2u and 2^ per cent, of those 
who enter the ordinary High Schools remain to graduate, the 
jireceding statement has especial significance. It indicates that 
tlie work is of absorbing interest, and therefore the pupils feel 
g-reat reluctance to leave. It is a striking fact that 97 per cent, 
of those whose names are enrolled are in regular attendance, 
2 per cent, out of the remaining 3 per cent, being absent ou 
account of sickness. An analysis of the register shows that 
of the bo\'S who ha\'e been admittekl to the school 75 ]ier 
cent, are sons of business or professional men, 20 per cent, or 
artisans and 5 per cent, of laborers or widows. From thi> it 
appears that men engaged in intellectual jiursuits recognize the 
value of an education aimed at fitting a boy fur the practical duties 
cf life. The varied character of the work renders disci])line a 
matter which takes care of itself The manliness which a boy feels 




FOROE ROOM. 



in consequence of his ability to do something-, showing itself in no way so markedly as in this. An 
important feature in the practical execution of the course is the absence of a system of marking daily 
recitations. The pupil quickly realizes that he is working for himself, and the artificial stimulus of 
marks is found to be whollj'' uiniecessar\-. The favorable impression made by the school, resulted in 
so many applications for admission , that the accommodations of the original school were found to be 
wholly inadequate. To meet the iiicreased demand for this class of instruction a second Manual 
Training School was opened in iSyi. Others will surely follow. 




MAi^^ nrii.niNr,, gir.\rd coi.i.egr. 



Qirard and his College. 



A. H. Fettkrolf, LL.D., President. 



One of the most fortunate ships that ever sailed up the Delaware River, in far-reaching beneficence to 
the City of Philadelphia, was called tlie " L' Amiable Louise," Captain Stephen Girard, who was 
diverted from his course between Xew Orleans and New York in the month of May, 1776, through fear 
of capture by the war-ships of the British. This accidental call resulted in the adoption of Philadel- 
phia by the young French sailor as his home, where, thriving by reason of his superior commercial 
acumen and the favorable conditions of trade in his time, he endowed the home of his manhood with 
oue of the greatest and uoblest charities in the civilized world. 



Stephen Girard was bom in the City of Bordeaux, France, May 20, 1750, and was, therefore, but 
twenty-six j'eavs of age at the time of his arrival in this port. The young alien soon assumed citizen- 
ship, built ships, prospered, proved a patriot in periods of war and a hero in the awful days of the yellow 
fever scourge of 1793; was the financial right arm of the Government during the war of 18 14, and 
became the merchant prince of his day. Fate denied him the happiness of a wife and family in his 
latter years, and thus, at the time of his death, December 26, 18-51, at the age of eighty-one years, 
it was found that he had devised nearly his entire fortune of about $7,000,000, after making liberal 
provisions for other charities and public works, to the creation of a great educational home for poor 
white male orphans, preference being given to natives, first, of Philadelphia ; secondly, of the State of 
Pennsylvania ; thirdly, of New York City, and lastly of New Orleans. 

Minute conditions for the conduct of the great institution contemplated by the devisor were 
contained in his will. The expenditure of the money necessary to erect the buildings, together with 
the investment of the large sums remaining was vested in the city authorities, and now forms a distinct 
branch of the city trusts, in the hands of a series of committees of eminent citizens, under whose 
fostering care the value of the investments have not only remained unimpaired, but have largely 
increased. The vast business of this organization is conducted under the title of the Girard Estate. 
The grounds, formerly Stephen Girard's farm, devoted to Girard College are located in the Twentj'-ninth 
Ward, to the west of Ridge Aveinie, and have a frontage upon the south of quite half a mile at an 
acute angle with Girard Avenue and Poplar Street, which thoroughfares are thus, for a short distance, 
deflected from their general course. The area, which is enclosed with a heavy stone wall, embraces forty 
acres. Fourteen principal structures of different types of architecture now form the college group, those 
first built being of the Greek type. The main building is the finest example of this form in the United 
States. Within its walls are the tomb and statue of its founder. The artistic grouping of these 
buildings, set in the midst of flowery lawns and broad play-grounds presents a most pleasing picture. 
The cost of land and buildings to date has been $3,250,000. At the close of iSi)2 the college contained 
1,559 pupils, 1 14 officers and teachers, and of other employes of all kinds, 268. The orphan pupils are 
not only instructed in common school branches and the manual arts, but are enrolled in a battalion of 
youthful soldiers having its own excellent band, drum corps and officers, which is the pride of the 
institution. When, at the age of eighteen years, the young beneficiary goes forth from these sheltering 
gates, he is prepared to meet the world well equipped in head and hand and with the bearing of a 
gentleman. Visitors are admitted to the institution upon presentation of a card from the office of the 
Girard Estate, which is located at Twelfth and Girard Streets, above Chestnut. 



Wagner Free Institute of Science. 

Bv T. L. Montgomery, Secret.vry. 

Professor William Wagner's efforts to promote an interest in scientific topics began in 1847, and con- 
tinued at liis residence at first, and later at the old Spring Garden Hall, until 1859, when Professor 
Wagner commenced the erection of the present Institute, at Seventeenth Street and Montgomery \venue. 
In May, 1865, the courses of free lectures commenced at this place, upon geology, mineralogy, chemistry, 
physics and engineering. After Professor Wagner's death in 1885, the scope of sttidies and lectures 
was increased, and the Instittite has recently been thoroughly renovated. The lecture room seats 640 
people. The library contains 7,500 volumes. Space is given up to a branch of the Philadelphia Public 
Library, which has placed here 10,500 volumes. 500 volumes are loaned daily to the public, free Of 
charge. The Natural History Museum is one of the best in the country. It is open to the public on 
Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 2 to 5 o'clock. About 6,500 persons attended the courses of lectures 
of the past Wmter. The Faculty now consists of Dr. Henry Leffman, Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Professor 
S. T. Skidmore, Professor Robert Ellis Thompson and Professor Samuel Tobias Wagner. Professor 
William Wagner's gifts to the Institute amounted to about $500,000. 

38 



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Successors to Jarecki, Hays & Co 



ERIE, PA. 



39 



The Spring Garden Institute. 



By Prof. \V. A. PortkR; Principal. 




SPRIXr. CARHKN INSTITI'TE, BROAD AND SPRINO GARDEN STRKKTS. 



Spring Oarden Institute carries on 
its work through two distinct chan- 
nels, directed towards an art and 
mechanical development. The pri- 
mar\' aim is to cultivate the indus- 
trial side of art education. The 
main body of the students is drawn 
from the class of young men and 
women already employed, but who 
desire to advance still further in 
their special line of work. The 
school is not a place for picture 
makers nor portrait painters. Its 
doors are open to welcome the future 
lithographer, engraver, designer, 
metal worker, electric light fitter, 
wood and stone carver. Nearly 800 
pupils are in attendance. 
The system of instruction carries through a period of three years. The work relates first to 
form. Elementary drawing from tlie cast to secure good outline : light and shade are next considered ; 
finally color. During each term and at its close, certificates stating progression or testifying to profi- 
ciency are granted. Instruction js given individually, supplemented by lectures on geometry, perspec- 
tive, historic ornament, botanical analysis, design and color harmon3'. 

The Institute has been unusuallj^ progressive and efficient in the province of design. The success 
is largely due to the excellent ground work in drawing, w^hich forms the foundation of all the practice 
in this department. " Xo amount of so-called talent or inventive genius can make up for a lack of 
drafting skill, and all the pupils are, therefore, required to learn drawing before beginning the work of 
design." Color harmony is a subject essentiall}- valuable in this line of work. Everybody should 
look at color, but the designer must study it. The students are taught to turn to the best source of 
inspiration — nature herself. Vegetables, fruits, flowers and foliage are prominent studies to be drawn 
and painted before the pupils enter the designing class. The study of historic styles is, of course, a 
necessar}' part of this particular branch of training. The education of a designer demands an 
acquaintance with what has been done in art, a knowledge how nature has been adapted and 
conventionalized by different nations. The night .schools in drawing are carried on independently of 
the day classes. They have been arranged for the educati(jn of those employed during the day. The 
course is laid out with special reference to tlieir needs, and instruction is given in mechanical, 
architectural and free-hand drawing liy architects and draftsmen actually engaged at their profession 
during the day. The course in mechanical drawing embraces three years. The principles are taught 
from the round, and the subject considered in a Ax-ry practical way ; architectural drawing is outlined 
in the same manner for three years of study, the main purpose being to familiarize the pupils with 
drawings required in various trades, and eventually, if studious and correct in practice, to educate them 
to be capable draftsmen. Boys are also trained at night for lithographic work, and instruction is also 
given in modeling in clay. 



40 




\1NTINC. FROM THK MODIil.. 



The school also maintains day and evenintj chisses for teaching the jiroper handling of tools, 
vise and machinist tool work. Tlie shops being furnished with all necessary ai)pliances, such as 
turning lathes, planing machines, drill presses. Adjoining this department is one for wood working. 

The Institute being thoroughly ambitious of extending a helping hand to apprentices and others 
employed in shops and manufactories, the fees are fixed at amounts low enough to place the benefits 
of tuition within the reach of all, and at the same time to provide for a high grade of instruction. The 
sum of $^ enables a student to enter an\- of the evening classes, admits him to the lecture hall, and 
eutitles him to procure books from the library. 

The prizes awarded by the Institute are gold, silver and bronze medals and certificates. 



Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. 



Although not situated within the limits of the city, this richly endowed and most valuable institution 
is essentially a Philadelphia benificence, the gift of I. X. Williamson, recently deceased, a merchant of 
this community. The fine g:roup of school trade buildings and dormitories devoted to the work of the 
School are at a point near Media, in IJelaware County, Pa., a brief ride by rail over the P. \V. & B. 
Central Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The property includes 197 acres, and the improve- 
ments to date have cost $411,431.97. The site commands a grand rural outlook. The number of 
pupils is now about 170, and being selected with special reference to their aptitude, they have, in the 
brief course of the School's existence, made a most remarkable progress in general studies and the 
handicrafts which are here taught, and which include mechanical drawing, the building trades, pattern 
making, machinery, steam and electric engineering, etc. Pupils are instructed eight hours dailj', 
equally in the school rooms and the shops, five days of each week. All being resident at the institution 
throughout the term of their instruction, being domiciled in groups of twenty-four boys each. The 
first class has recently graduated, and rank as first-class mechanics, well equipped to care for them- 
selves and future dependents. The School is controlled and its funds administered by a Board of Mana- 
gers, of which Mr. Henry C. Townseiid is Chairman and Alfred Hembold, Jr., Secretary. The Presi- 
dent is Mr. John M. Shrigley, and Superintendent, Mr. Robert Crawford, with an efficient staff of 

instructors. 

41 



The Franklin Institute. 




By Dr. William H. Wahl, Skcrktary. 



The l''runklin Institute uf the State of Pennsylvania, located in 
riiiladelphia, was founded in the year 1S24, specihcally for the 
])roniotion of the mechanic arts. The scope of its operations, how- 
ever, has been trreatlv extended within recent veais, and it mav 
1 o - . . . ■ 

more jiroperly be terined an Association for the promotion of the 

arts and manufactures. The membersliip of the Institution is com- 
V J posed of manufacturers, mechanics, engineers, professional men, 
and others who are interested in science and the industrial arts. Its 
roll of membership emljraces about 2.000 names. The means 
^ employed in the furtherance of the objects of the Institution are 
concisely stated as follows : 

LiBRARV. — At the present time the Library contains o\-er 
4o,C)00 volumes, 25,000 pamphlets, 20,000 maps and cliarts, and 
over 1 ,000 photographs, classified and catalogued. It is exclusively 
scientific and technical in character and is steadily increasing in 
numbers and importance. It embraces, in addition to the standard 
and current works on mechanics, physics and chemistry, pure and 
applied, the publications (jf the principal scientific and technical societies of the world, files of about 
400 home and foreign scientific and technical serials accessible to all members in good standing, and com- 
plete sets of the British (and colonial), French, German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Swiss and Ameri- 
can Patent Records, open for inspection by members at all hours, and by the public from 9 a. m. to 
6 P. M. The extent and very complete condition of its serials make the library particularly \'aluablefor 
reference. The library is open daily, Sundays excepted, from •-) .\. m. to 10 i>. jM. (6 p. m. during June, 
July and August). 

L,ECTrRES. — Courses of lectures on subjects of a scientific and technical character are given each 
year. These lectures number about thirty, and are arranged under the direction of a Committee on 
Instruction, with the assistance of the professors of the Institute. The lectures are held on Monday 
and Friday e\'enings at 8 o'clock, beginning in Xo\-ember anil continuing regularl\- thereafter until the 
end of P"el)ruary. Members' tickets admit to the lectures, and members ha\'e the privilege of obtaining 
a limited number of admission tickets for friemls. 

The courses are varied each year, and, while popular and entertaiiung themes are not neglected, 
the greater number are selected with the view of presenting the latest advances in those branches of 
science and the arts germane to the objects of the Institute. 

Dr.awixg Schooi,. — A school of instruction in drawing embraces the mechanical, architectural 
and free-hand branches, has been maintained uninterruptedly since the foundation of the Institute. It 
is in charge of a director and several assistants, under the general direction of the Committee on 
Instruction, and at present is in a flourishing condition, Ijotli in respect of the means and methods of 
instruction and the number of the pupils. 

JorRNAL OF THK Fr.vxkux Ixstitutk. — The h'ranklin Institute began, in the year 1S26, the 
publication of a Journal de\"oted to science and the mechanic arts which has been continued uninter- 
ruptedly to the present day. It contains the record of the scientific and other useful work of the 
Institute, besides man_v valual:)le contributions relating to the growth of American industries and the pro- 
gress of science and the useful arts in general during the past half century. The complete file of the 
Journal embraces The Franklin Journal, 4 volumes, 1826-1S27 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute, 
second series, 26 volumes, 1S2S-1S40 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute, third series, 100 volumes, 
1841 to the present, or i 34 \olumes in all. In its present form the Journal is an octavo of eighty pages. 



It is issued monthly. The six issues, January to June and July to December, each constitute a com- 
plete volume, with index and title page. The Journal is edited by a Committee on Publications, with 
the assistance ot the Secretary of the Institute. The complete index of the Journal is arranged by 
subject matter and authors, and covering the first 120 volumes (1826-1885) li^^s been published. 

Meetings. — The Institute meets on the third Wednesday of each month (except in July and 
August). At these meetings papers on important scientific and technical suljjects are read and 
discussed, new inventions are exhibited and descril)eil, and a report on current matters of interest in 
science and the useful arts is presented by the Secretary. Tlie meetings are held in the lecture room. 
The chair is taken at 8 o'clock, l-. .M. Members may introduce friends. X'isitors are e.xpected to leave 
their cards with the door keeper. 

CoMMiTTKK ON Scn:NCi-; .\Ni) Akts. — This Committee was original!)- the Committee on Inven- 
tions. It was formed in 18 -,4, and from that date to the close of 1886 was constituted of volunteer 
members. Since iS.s- the Committee has consisted of forty-five members chosen at the annual election, 
fifteen each year, who pledge themselves to investigate and report upon the merits of such in\entions as 
may be submitted to them for that purpose, and t<j perform such other duties as shall be referred to the 
Committee by the Institute. In its time this Committee has examined and reported upon a great 
number of inventions, and many wortliy persons are indebted to its counsel and aid for the successful 
introduction of their in\entions, or ha\e dissuaded from wasting time and money upon impractical 
projects. It has investigated and reported u])on numerous subjects referred to it b\' the Institute, and 
by its labors has assisted notablx- in maintaining the scientific reputation of the Institute. The work of 
the Connnittee on Science and the Arts is done gratuitously. The meetings of this Comniitlce are open 
to all members of the Institute. 

This Committee has been entrusted by the Institute with the authority to grant the Elliott- 
Cresson Gold Medal and the lidward Uongstreth Silver .Medal, and to recommend the grant of the John 
Scott Legacy Premium and Medal, for discoveries and inventions of conspicuous merit. Persons 
desiring to submit their inxentions to this Conuniltec will be furnished by the Secretarx- with a jjrinted 
copy of the rules and a blank form of application. 

vSkctions. — Members of the Institute who may wish to become associated in order to devote 
them.selves to sjiecial branches of science and the other ti.seful arts, may organize a Section for that purjiose 
in accordance with certain ]>rescribed regulations. At the present time there is in existence a Chemical 
Section, with a membershij) numbering al)out eighty, and an Ivlectrical Section numbering about si.Kty- 
five members, both active organizations. The meetings of the Sections are held in the hall, and are 
open to all members of the Institute. 

PvXlllHlTlONS. — The first exhibition of .\merican manufacturers held in llie United States was 
held under the direction of the Franklin Institute, in the year 1824, at the old Carpenter's Hall, in 
Philadelphia. Since that historic event the Institute has held numerous exhibitions. Owing to the 
great expansion of the industries, the recent exhibitions of the Institute have been devoted to special 
subjects. The last e.xhibition (that of 1885) was the twenty-ninth exhibition held by the Institute. 

Oi-i-iCKKS. — The present officers of the P'ranklin Institute are : President, Joseph M. Wilson ; 
Vice-Presidents, Charles Bullock, William P. Tatham, Pxiward Longstreth ; Secretary, William II. 
Wahl ; Treasurer, Samuel Sartain ; Actuary, II. I,. Heyl ; Librarian, Alfred Rigling. In addition 
there is a Board of Managers numbering twenty-eight members. 

Bo.\Rn OF M.\.N.\GKRS. — Joseph M. Wilson, <x-olpcio. Chairman ; Charles II. Banes, Henry 
Bower, Charles Bullock, cx-o/firio ; John Iv Codman, George X. Cresson, F. Lynwood Garrison, Henry 
R. Heyl, Edwin J. Houston, H. W. Jayne, Washington Jones, linoch Lewis, Ivlward Longstreth, 
ex -officio ; John Lucas, Samuel R. Marshall, Isaac Norris, Jr., Henry Pemberton, Jr., Theodore I). 
Rand, Stacy Reeves, Charles E. Ronaldson, Samuel P. Sadtler, Samuel Sartain, cx-officio ; Coleman 
Sellers, William Sellers, H. W. Spangler. William P. Tatham, cx-officio; William H. Thorne, J. C. 
Trautwine, Jr., William H. Wahl, cx-officio. 



43 



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44 



The Y. M. C. A. 



By Thomas DeWitt Ccvler, President. 




The Young Men's Christian Association of Phila- 
delphia is one of the oldest in America, having been 
organized in 1853. The object is the physical, 
intellectual, social and spiritual improxcnient of 
young men living in the city or coming here to 
reside for any length of time. To accomplish these 
purposes it maintains buildings or suites of rooms 
in different parts of the city, which are open to 
young men, without distinction, day and evening. 
It has libraries, educational classes for clerks and 
mechanics, lecture courses, social and amusement 
rooms, gymnasiums and baths, with moral and 
religious addresses and meetings specially adapted 
to young men as a class. It also has recreation 
grounds at Belmont and Elm Avenues, near the 
Park, for use in the Summer season. The Asso- 
ciation is one corporation, with a general Board of 
Directors, and fourteen branches in different parts 
of the city. It owns six buildings and the remain- 
ing branches are in rented quarters. Its i)rincipal building is at P'ifteenth and Chestnut Streets, and is 
well known throughout the country. Some of the other buildings are small but attractive, and the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Department of the work has recently erected a building at the Fortieth Street 
Station, which, wath the land, will represent an investment of $6o,cxdo. This will be one of the two 
best buildings occupied by railroad men for this work in the world. The Association has branches in 
the University of Pennsylvania and various medical schools, which have comfortable rooms, has two 
railroad branches, one for German speaking young men and one for colored youths. Eight libraries, 
nine gymnasiums and one natatorium form apart of its material equipment. The Philadelphia Associa- 
tion is third in size and point of equipment in the world, being exceeded only by London and New York. 
The active management of the Association throughout the city is vested in a Board of Directors. The 
Germantown Y. M. C. A. is an independent body, owning a fine building upon Main Street. 

In its purpose and effort to provide for the 
wants of the young men of Philadelphia in their 
leisure time and to supply every help to them, not 
simply for their amusement, but for their improve- 
ment physically, intellectually and morally, the Asso- 
ciation puts its privileges within reach of young men 
of all classes at the cost of a very small fee. 
In order to do this and to make up the 
difference in the cost of these privileges, 
it must depend for support upon the 
citizens of Philadelphia. The Association 




P'RKNSYI.V.^NIA RATtROAD Y. M. C. A. BniLDIN'O. 



receives annually, for the general work and for its different branches, the money to maintain them. It 
also seeks sums by gift or bequest with which to erect other buildings, endow libraries, educational classes 
and other departments, and to provide for the future. 



Women's Christian Association. 



k: 






J6i , _ 




The splendid structure which is now the home of this organization in 
Philadelphia, opened in 1^93, is a monument to the initiring energy 
and zeal of many Christian women of our city. Tlie new building 
is broad, deep and high, but not more so than the humane spirit 
which shields its many inmates fr(jm want and harm, guiding them 
to a knowledge of the better things of life and proving this a city of 
sisterly as well r.s "brotherly love." The recently completetl 
building is located at Eighteenth and Arch Streets. The first floor is 
lil) # devoted to a library, free to all working women ; a free employment 
>ureau (except for domestics), and the Assembly Hall, in which free 
•oncerts, lectures, etc. are held weekly. Instruction rooms for 
— useful pursuits (with a nominal charge for tuition), the general 
office, parlors and committee r(3oms are also on this floor. The 
second flo<jr includes a sewing room, reading room, bedrooms and galleries of Asseml)ly Hall. The 
third floor contains a training school for domestics, and rooms for transient female lodgers who are 
strangers, and who pay from twenty-five to fifty cents per night. The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh 
floors are filled with bedrooms, occupied mainly by self- supporting girls, who pay for lodging, board 
and all comforts, from $3.00 to |'3.50 per week. A great dining-room, a restaurant and kitchen fill the 
eighth floor, and above all is the Summer garden upon the broad cemented roof. Abundant bath-rooms, 
elevators and every modern facility for comfort are provided for the inmates. 

A "sea rest" at Asbury Park, N. J.,the " Whelen Home" at P.ristol, Pa., and a branch in 
Kensington, are also maintained by the Association 

The officers of the W. C. A. are Mrs. A. H. Franciscus, Pirshhii/ : Mrs. H. S. Hoffman, Mrs. 
John B. Gest, Mrs. John F. Keen, Mrs. Cyrus D. F'oss, Mrs. Wm. Simpson, Jr., Mrs. Wni. B. Hanna, 
VicL'-Prcsideiils ; Mrs. B. B. Comegys, Jr. , Recording Sayitary : Sarah Cadbur\', Corrtspiiiniiiig Strrt/arv : 
Mrs. D. L. Coyle, Ttrasinrr ; Mary Pearsall, Assiskiiit Tnasurcr ; in addition to which are some 
eighteen lady chairmen of standing committees. 



Public Libraries of Philadelphia. 



Bv T. Morris Perot President Mercantii,k ].IBR.^Rv Co. 




Besides a large nundjer of very valuable 
private libraries, there are in Philadeli>liia 
over 100 libraries, the most of wliich are 
open to the public, without charge; and 
the others are accessible to any one on very 
reasonable terms. Some of these libraries 
are of a special character, designed to meet 
the wants of some one class of readers and 
students, and the books cun be used only 
within the building. 



RIDGVVAV llR.INCn OI- TIIH I'lIIL.VDELPIU.V I.Ii^K.lkV. 




THK MERCANTILK I.IHRARV. 



Of the large libraries of a general character, whose books are allowed 
to be taken from the building, worthy of especial mention, there are two, 
The Library Company, of Philadelphia, and the Mercantile Library Com- 
pany. They each contain about i7o,o<x) volumes; there are two others 
that have about 50,000 volumes each ; two that have between 40,000 and 
50,000 : five that have between 30,01x3 and 40,000 : five that have between 
20,000 and 30,000 ; thirteen that have between 10,000 and 20.000 : eighteen 
that have between 5.000 and 10.000, and forty that have between 1,000 
and 5,000. 

P'our libraries were formed in the first half of the last century, the 
oldest being The Library Company, of Philadelphia, which was established 
in 1731. The Library of the Carpenters' Company was established in 1 736 ; 
the Friends' Library on Sixteenth Street, was established in 1742; and 
that of the American Philosophical Society in 1743. 
The Library Company, of Philadelphia, has a most valuable collection of books, many of which 
could not be replaced. This library was founded by Benjamin Franklin and his associates in 1731. 
It has a circulation of 43,000 volumes, and occupies a beautiful building on Locust Street below Broad. 
Connected with this binary is the Ridgway branch, a reference library, occupying a splendid building 
on Broad Street, established under the will of Dr. James Rush, who left a legac)- of Si, 000, 000 for the 
purpose. LTn fortunately the location of this library is too far down-town, and on this account much of 
its value is lost. It probably contains the most valuable collection of books of reference in America. 
The Mercantile Library Company, of Philadelphia, is situated on Tenth Street, 1)etween Chestnut and 
Market, a most convenient location, occupying a large building 300 feet in depth. It was founded in 
182 1 by the merchants of Philadelphia, and has a circulation of 87,000 volumes. It is open and free to 
all readers of both se.xes. A moderate cluirge is made to those who desire to take books from the 
library. A newspaper room and a periodical room, containing 1 60 periodicals, are connected with the 
library. Of the libraries containing less than 100,000 volumes, that deserve special mention, are those 
of the College of Physicians, which in value is thought to rank second o:dy to that of the Surgeon 
General's office in Washington ; the Carpenters' Company, rich in works pertaining to architecture and 
building, in which the Continental Congress held its first sessions ; those of the Pennsylvania Historical 
Society and the Baptist Historical Society, which are rich in printed and manuscript materials for history 
in their several lines ; the Friends' Library, which has lately made fire proof provision for the safe 
keeping of material pertaining to their history; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Franklin Institute 
and the Law Library, which are strong in 
their special lines. The library of the 
Urexel Institute has been recently estab- 
lished, and is certain to become a \aUjable 
part of that institution's equipment. The 
Apprentices Library and the City Insti- 
tute are free and have a large circulation. 
The first free Law Library, Hurst 
Library, established a few years ago, is 
an admirable collection of books made to 
meet the wants of the general practitioner, 
is endowed, and is believed to be the only 
law library in the country that is entirely 
free to the profession and to the general 
public. 

Under the authority of the City 
Councils, the Board of Education has 
just entered on the work of establishing 
in different parts of the city small free 




THE PHIT.ADELPHIA LIBRARY. 



Tibrarles, especially for teachers and scholars, as au adjunct to the school system . Under the Pepper 
bequest of $250,000, supplemented by an appropriation from the city, a free library of 7,000 volumes has 
just been opened in the City Hall as a beginning in this direction. But the creation of a great tree 
public library for Philadelphia is yet to be accomplished. It has long been hoped that some of 
our many public-spirited citizens, who were endowing or providing in their wills for institutions of a 
benevolent or literarv character, would remember the great need of Philadelphia in this respect. There 
is one large and valuable library in Philadelphia, whose property is worth probably $500,000 free of 
encumbrance. Its building is most centrally situated and suitable for the purpose, occupying a lot 100 
feet by 300 feet, with about 170,00(1 selected volumes, and with ati endowment fund of about $150,000. 
This library, it is understood, is ready to open its doors freely to the public as soon as the endowment 
will be made sufficient for its support. 



Academy of Natural Sciences. 



By Euw.^rd J. NoL.*N, .Skcrstary. 




The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, was founded 
in 18 12. Its object is the encouragement of original research iu 
the natural sciences. To facilitate this work it has accumulated 
a museum and library which are believed iu several of their depart- 
ments to be unexcelled in America. It also contributes to the 
progress of science by the publication of discoveries and investi- 
gations, and by courses of popular and scientific lectures. The 
publications of the Academy consist of a quarterly journal begun 
in 1817, and of an annual octavo volume of proceedings, which has 
j^ been issued regularly since 1841. In these publications are recorded 
^ the discoveries and researches, not only of the Academy's own 
members, but also those of other scientists who desire to avail 
themselves of the opportunities which the Academy affords to give 
publicity to their work. 

In the museum the collection of shells is believed to be the largest now in existence. The orni- 
thological cabinet contains 27,000 mounted specimens and more than 5,000 unmounted skins. Among 
its special features are the Gould collection of Australian birds, the Bonaparte collection of European 
birds, and the Verreaux series of birds from Africa and Asia. The collection of fossils is one of the 
most important in the country, and comprises many of the most valued types of some of our leading 
paleontologists. The invertebrate series is perhaps the most extensive in America. All the other 
departments of natural history are satisfactorily represented in the museum. 

Through the administration of a fund devised to the Academy, in trust by Mr. A. E. Jessup, for 
the purpose of assisting young men who require pecuniary aid while engaged in the study of the natural 
sciences, a number of such persons have been carefully educated in the institution, not only without 
charge, but receiving a monthly stipend. Many of these students have acquired distinction in science, 
and hold desirable positions in institutions of learning. 

The stated meetings of the society are held every Tuesday evening. Those interested in the 
proceedings are welcome to attend whether they be members or not. In truth all the resources of the 
Academy are placed freely at the service of those desiring to acquire knowledge, with only such restric- 
tions as have been found necessary to secure the greatest good to the largest number. 

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l''ittinj(s of all kinds. 

De mares t's Syphon and Wash-out Water 
Closet Ranges, I.atrines, Wash-out I'rinal 
Ranges, Porcelain-lined Iron Water Closets, M;c. 

Public Trinals for Streets and Parks, Auto- 
matic Flushing Tanks. Grease Traps and Inter- 
ce])tors, Sectional Water Tanks, Soil Pipe and 
Fittings, Plain, Tar-coated and Porcelain- 
lined, &c. 

We Manulactnre r''T,';[°alt's?eJ', a^' 

Bronze Work : iiicliuiing F)ntrance Gates, Rail- 
ings, tirilles. &c.. and interior work of all kinds. 
Stable Fittings of new and most improved 
designs in Cast and Wrought Iron, Brass and 
Bronze ; Fountains, I>riuking Fountains, Acjua- 



riums, Vases, Settees, Statuary, Candelabra. 
Lamp Pillars, Electric Light Pillars, I„amps, 
Sec; Crestings, Finials and Weather Vanes. 



We Manufacture r,^^ "i:^Z''nS.?irr^l 

"star" and "Comet" Hot Air Heaters, "Social" 
Fireplace Heaters, "St. George," "Defiance" 
and " Lenox " Kitchen Ranges ; Stoves and 
Portable Ranges ; Mott's Portable Furnaces 
and Caldrons, Caldrons to set in brick ; Mott's 
Improved Steam Jacket Kettles, &c. 



WP TmUnrt '^^^ ^^^* makes of foreign Tiles; 
II u iul|IUll also carry a large line of special 
domestic Tiles for Bathroom and Fireplace 
decorations. 

We ManUldCtUre Hron^z^.WrougMIron^and 
Steel ; Fenders, Andirons, Fire Screens, Spark 
Guards, (ias Logs. &c. 



CATALOGUES OF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTHENTS ON APPLICATION 

49 



Philadelphia School of Design for Women. 



Bv Kmii.y Sartaix, Principal. 




Founded in 1S44, the "Philadel- 
phia School of Design for\\'onien " 
is the oldest and most complete 
School of Applied Art in the United 
States. Incorporated in iS5_;,it\vas 
iirst lunised on its own premises in 
iSdj;, at Broad and P'ilbert Streets, 
and on the absorption of that site 
into the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Station, the directors bought the 
I'orrest Mansion, at the southwest 
corner of Piroad and Master Streets. 
'I'd the 100 feet of frontage on 
llroad Street was added a three- 
storied range of studir)s, running 
westward 200 ieet on Master Street, 
w ith a return southward of 90 feet 
ini Carlisle Street in the rear, 
enchising three sides ot a large 
grass)- (jnadrangle. A large 
collection of casts from the antique, 
and Irom the sculpture of the Italian renaissance, and a library add to the efficiency of the instruction 
The initial work of the school in teaching designing for carpets, curtains, wall-paper, oil-cloth, prints, 
etc., has lieen supplemented by classes in other branches of Applied Art to meet the business demands 
of the day. For many years wood-engraving was taught in this school and in no other, and now etching, 
illustration, pen-drawing for photo-engraving and china decoration, are taught by artists, each 
distinguished in his or her special branch. The Normal Art Cmirse gi\-es opportunity for thorough 
artistic training in drawing, modeling, painting and theoric design for the specialists in the Industrial 
Arts, as well as graduating thoroughly equipped teachers of art after their four vears of studv. In 
Massachusetts this work is considered 
so important that the State supports a 
Normal Art School as part of its public 
school system of Boston. The low 
charge for tuition, averaging $so per 
year, jilaces the instruction within the 
reach of all, while forty free schohn- 
ships are competed for among th.e 
pupils of the public schools of Phila- 
delpiiia. The practical quality of tl-., 
instruction and its business value a'e 
evidenced by tlie large sales of designs 
each year to manufacturing firms, in- 
creasing the demand for our students 
to fill positions as textile and print 
designers, as decorators, art teachers, 
enamellers, etc. 




The American Philosophical Society. 



By Julius K. S.vchsk. 




tl-ff ''t'fe 



ORir.IXAI, Al'FKAKANCK <H" 
THH AMKRICW I'HII.OSOPH ICAI, SOCIKTV'S HI II.DINC. 



Every visitor in Philadelphia who is 
scientifically or studiously inclined, 
should visit the hall of the American 
Philosophical Society, which is djun to 
the piiblic daily, except on Sunday. 
between the hours of lo A. m. and i i-. :m. 
This venerable building, Xo. 1114 South 
ImUIi Street, which nestles there on 
historic ground within the shadow of 
Independence Hall, contains the art 
treasures and library of the Society. 
The latter consists of over 50,000 volumes 
and manuscripts, and is niainh' a lihrar\- 
of reference. It is the onlj' free public 
library in the old poition of the city east 
of Tenth Street. In the hall proper, 
where the meetings are lu-ld, are to 
be seen a number of portraits of Revo- 
lutionary and Colonial celebrities. 
The American Philosophical Society, wliich has just celebrated its Sesqui-Ceutennial Juliilee, or 
the One-hundred-aud-fiftieth Anniversary of its founding, is the oldest scientific society in America, 
and is ranked as an equal In- the foremost American and luiropeau societies, as was instanced at the 
late congress incident to the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. Originally founded b)^ Benjamin l-'ranklin, 
in 1743, it was virtually the outgrowth of the famous Junta, founded as far back as 1727. Upon the 
roll of :ueinbership, from the earliest day to the present time, may be fjund some of the greatest men 
in our country's history, all banded together for the ]>romotion of useful knowledge. The present 
building was conunenced in 17S5, but was not entirely fuiislK-d luitil the year 1791. It is an interesting 
fact that the building contained the I'niversily of Pennsylvania for five years, from 17H9 to 1794. Many 
interesting memories cluster around tliis old colonial structure, memories of Franklin, Washington, 
Jefferson, Rittenhouse, Bishop While, Re\-. Nicholas Colin, and many otliers who are closely identified 
with our early liistory and scientific development. It may be an interesting item to visitors that during 
the last fi\'e years of the eighteenth century the second story northwest room served Charles W. Peale 
as a .♦.tudio, and in that room, before the 
old fireplace still to be seen, the jiatriot 
artist painted Washington, Jefferson, and 
many other celebrities of the time. 

A few years ago an additional stor\- 
was put on the building, and the structure 
made fire-proof throughout. The additional 
room now contains the valuable library of 
the Society, the second floor being used ex- 
clusively for meeting purposes. The Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society has always been a 
strictly American institution, representing 
Philadelphia of days gone by, and as such 
is well worthy of a visit from the intelligent 
stranger, be they from at home or abroad. 



INTERIOR PHILOSOPHICAI. SOCIETY S BUILDING. 




The Work of the Trades League of Philadelphia. 



By Thomas Martindale. 



' ^v. ^i ' *^ 




The "Trades League" was ushered into existence at a 
public meeting, held in Common Council Chamber, March 
24, 1 89 1, to adopt such measures as would best serve to 
secure a concession to the traveling pul)lic, by which a 
passenger being carried on a through ticket from tlie West 
to New York City, might have the right to "stop off" at 
Philadelphia without extra fare being demanded. The 
meeting was addressed by Thomas Martindale and Colonel 
Thomas G. Hood, in favor of organization, and by others 
in opposition. It was there and then decided to organize 
what has since become the most aggressive, alert and 
energetic commercial association of business men on the 
continent — The Trades League of Philadelphia. W. W. 
Foulkrod was elected President, and afterwards an able 
Board of Managers, numbering forty of the leading business 
men of all branches of trade or manufactures was chosen. 
The Trades League then is, in point of age, but a 
" puny infant, " a " four-year-old, ' ' but in the four years of its existence it has revivified and quickened 
into renewed life and energy every other business organization in the city." It has, with entire 
unselfishness, worked for the best interests of the City of Philadelphia as a city ; of its business men, 
without regard to trade, class or calling and of its commerce. It has held up the hands of the city 
authorities, and sustained them in carrying out needed reforms ; it has protested against legislation 
deemed inimical to the welfare of the city or its Imsiness interests ; it has, above all, been active in 
placing and in keeping Philadelphia to the front in e\-ery good thing, and in having the city advertised 
magnificently, both at home (in the full extent of our grand Continent) and abroad. 

Through its influence, and under its management, the newspapers of our city (the very best 
advertisement a city can have) are sent free every working day of the year to every large hotel in every 
city of over 10,000 inhabitants (where the Philadelphia newspapers are not sold) in the United States, 
and also two newspapers — a morning and evening paper — are sent to every large hotel in the principal 
cities of Great Britain and Ireland, and the continent of Europe, where they may be found on file to 
instruct and interest strangers, as well as our own people ji.mrneying in " strange lands." 

Thk Book of PniL.\nELPHi.v, which has passed through a .second edition, is an unique and 
artistic means of placing the advantages of Philadelphia before the traveler, the clubman, the scholar and 
student, the business man, the clergyman, the public oihcials of other cities, towns and villages. It is 
presumably the finest work of its kind that has ever been issued to advertise a city, and shows as much as 
anything can show, the broad-gauge spirit that actuates the Board of Managers in their work. When the 
World's Fair at Chicago was inaugurated, the Press Conmiittee of the League issued and distributed 
to the thousands of travelers who passed through our city, a dainty pamphlet, entitled " The Stranger 
in Town," which gave in brief, boiled-down facts, valuable information to the " stranger in town " of 
our city's institutions, and claims to pre-eminence. At the request of the League the City Cormcils 
appropriated funds for a census of the city, which was taken under the direction of his honor, the 
Mayor, in November, 1892, with the co-operation and assistance of the League, showing a population 
of 1,142,653 inhabitants. 



52 



The long sought for concepsion of " stopping off" on through East bound tickets was obtained 
through the efforts of the Passenger Committee of the League, aided by the powerful influence of Mr. 
Frank Thompson, first Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and Mr. Charles K. Lord, Vice- 
President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in November, 1891, and the great number of passengers 
who have availed themselves of this privilege, justifies the belief that this has been the means of 
bringing an enormous amount of new trade to the city. 

The establishment of a freight bureau, under the management of a competent and experienced 
railroad man, Mr. Chas. P. Hatch, was next inaugurated. This Department has been eflicient in 
collecting claims for lost freight, in quickening the transit of fireight from the city to distant points, and 
in looking after all things that tend to protect and subserve the shippers' interest. The problem of 
securing a new " mint " site for the citj', the cost of which should be within the amount appropriated 
by the Government, and the location for which, should be acceptable to the Government, and conveni- 
ently situated for the service demanded of it, was undertaken by the I^eague when the project seemed 
hopeless of fulfilment, but after earnest, continued and patient effort, a site was selected which the 
Government accepted. 

Within a short time a " Bureau of Illustration" has been created at the offices of the Trades 
League and placed in charge of Mr. Frank H. Taylor, a well-known illustrator and writer, the object of 
which is to encourage the use of local illustrations l)oth in this city and elsewhere for the further adver- 
tisement of Philadelphia. 

Through the Telephone Committee a successful stand has been made for over two years against 
the city granting any more franchises to the Bell Telephone Company, without a radical concession in 
rates, which at present are deemed exhorbitaut and unjust. For the future the League will give its 
encouragement to the building of a ship canal between the Raritan Bay and the Delaware, to the deepening 
of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, to the greater utilization of existing canals as freight carriers, to 
the improvement and cheapening of telephone and electric service, to the better paving of streets, to the 
entrance to the city of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and other railroads, to the cheapening of coal tonnage, 
to the encouragement of steamship service between this and other ports, the improvement of our harbor 
and river channels ; in short it will endeavor to do that which in its judgment will inure to the best 
interests of the many, which as individuals alone none could accomplish, and which can only be accom- 
plished by the aggressive, weighty force of combined numbeis, working for a common end with unsel- 
fish devotion to a common cause. We have here then in the Trades League, an upbuilding power for 
good results of rare utility. The city which was founded by the gentle Penn by commercial treaty with 
the Indian owners, who said : " We lay a foundation for after ages to understand their liberty, * * * 
for we put the power in the people." The city which first, through its great citizen, Franklin, made 
known to an incredulous world the mysterious power of electricity, now so potent (and which is destined 
in the future to work greater wonders than man has yet dreamed of), the city which had the first 
academy in America, the first college and hospital, the first public librar}-, first Arctic expedition, the 
first bank, the first insurance company, the first daily paper. The city whose bell in Independence Hall 
proclaimed " liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof," is the city alone of all others 
which could give birth and sustaining influence to such an organization as the Trades League. 

In September next the Trades League, which now numbers over 2000 concerns, will occupy 
roomy offices upon the second floor of the new Bourse Building. 




53 



i he J . 13. I ohnson Co. 



lUf anufacturers and 

-«^r— Jobbers in 




I LUMBERS' 

SUPPLIES 



|e would invite an 
inspection of our 

"ew Show Room 



141-43 North 7th Street, Phila. 



p. C. DeSAUQUE. President CHRISTIAN KLEIN, The.suheh 

KET5T0NE Lead Work5 

Manufacturers of 

Lead Pipe, Sbeef Lead, Bar Lead, 

- - ^ B lock TiD Pi pe, Etc. = = - '^^ 

..y Wedge Lead, Pig Lead, = = = 

W = = = Pig and Bar Tin, Solder 

915 ARCH STREET" 

■ PHILADELPHIA 

55 



The Philadelphia Bourse. 




The splendid building of the Philadelphia Bourse is at the present 
time nearly completed, and will be readj' for the occupancy of its 
numerous tenants early in September. Mr. George E. Bartol, the 
president of the organization engaged in this great work, and who 
originated the idea, after a study of similar institutions in European 
cities, has found among the business men of the city ample support 
for the enterprise. The location, extending^ between Fourth and 
Fifth Streets, above Chestnut, is a central point, and was acquired 
at an outlay of #625,000. 

The Bourse building is a splendid structure of steel frame, 
fire-proot construction, 350 feet in length by 132 feet in width, and 
probably ten stories in height : its cost is estimated to be about 
§1,400,000. The great hall of the Bourse is itpon the ground floor, 
measures 250 feet in length by 125 feet in width, with a height in 
the centre of over fifty feet. It is admirably adapted as a meeting place for a large body of men. On 
the ground floor there are four handsome banking-rooms, together with telegraph offices, and minor 
offices necessary for the proper handling of business and the comfort of members. The market 
reports of the world will be foiuid there, and every facility for obtaining information will be afforded. 
The galleries upon either side of this hall will be utilized as news rooms and reading rooms ; and it is 
probable that a large room upon the gallery floor will be used as a comfortable lounging room for the 
members. This will be a particularly attractive feature to members not residents of the city, as it will 
in effect make it a vast club-house, in which they will find physical comforts and business advantages. 
The upper floors, with the exception of the top floor, will be used for office purposes, and will contain 
between 300 and 400 offices. The arrangement is such, however, that offices can be made larger or 
smaller, as the partitions will be practically remo\able at pleasure. 

The basement will contain a restaurant of moderate size, together with several minor features, 
such as a barber shop with bathing facilities, intended to contribute to the usefulness of the building, 
and, in addition, a large room about 130 feet square, for the exhibition of machinery, which, at the 
option of the exhibitor, can be shown still or in motion. The entire top floor will also be utilized for 
exhibition purposes for objects of a lighter character : and it is believed that these two departments will 
supply a want which has been seriously felt. The number of articles which can be exhibited advan- 
tageously b}^ the persons who manufactured them is almost without limit, and the managers of the 
enterprise are confident that when this feature is thoroughly understood, the applications for space will 
far exceed the supply. 

Without attempting to interfere in strictly trade matters, which will be watched over as hereto- 
fore by existing trade organizations or by sections of the main body connected with special trades 
represented, the board chosen by the members to deal with large questions will confine its attention to 
those matters which are of vital importance to all the business interests of the city, and Philadelphia is 
to be congratulated that at last an organization exists in her midst which will be of a magnitude 
commensurate with her importance and capable of commanding, both at home and abroad, the respect 
which is naturally accorded to an association of vast proportions dealing intelligently and in a dignified 
manner with subjects of great importance. The Bourse has been fortunate in securing the active 
support in its Board of Directors of men who command both the respect and confidence of the whole 
community. Their names will be honored by future generations as those of men who, loving their city, 
gave of their time and means with generous measure, to advance its prosperit}'. 



56 



The Municipal League of Philadelphia. 



By George Burnham, Jr., President. 




The Municipal League is an outgrowth of that spirit of reform in municipal gov 

v^^ eminent which has been stirring in Philadelphia, as in other Americai 

^-^^j/^^ cities, for some years, and which seems at last to be crystallizing unto 

definite form. Two salient facts in regard to the government of this, as 

of most other American cities, are now admitted by all, except, perhaps, 

those who profit by misrule. Every one sees that our municipal 

government is, generally speaking, antiquated and clumsy in method, 

unduly expensive for the ends attained, and too often tainted with 

corrujHion. In a word, we have not brought civic government into line 

with our other achievements in this nineteenth century. Of what avail 

is it that we boast of our great railway systems, our manufacturing 

industries, our newspaper enterprises, our noble charities, if the cities in 

which all these things centre remain atrociously misgoverned ? That we 

:'" are misgoverned is the first undisputed fact ; that this is entirely due to 

the supincness and neglect of the citizens themselves, as distinguished from the 

professional politician and place hunter, is the other equally indisputable fact. The 

rightful king has abdicated in favor of the clown, and should not now complain if the clown wields 

the sceptre foolishly or tyrannously. 

While these two features of the situation are patent to all, there is not so much unanimity as to 
the remedy. The reform movement, however, has shown in its history a natural evolution in which 
tentative ideas and methods have been replaced by others sounder and more effective. In the earlier 
stages a great popular uphea\al was the approved method, but it was soon discovered, even in the rare 
instances where this was successful, that the dethroned bosses speedily returned to power, because 
apathy and neglect quickly stole over the voters who had been onl\' temporarily aroused and left 
unorganized. The next step aimed at more thorough and permanent organization, but also included a 
strong tendency towards centralization. This was the era of the permanent committee. Great strides 
were made during this period, as the committees were composed of earnest men, prominent in the com- 
munity. After a time, however, such committees lost their influence, as was naturally to be expected. 
Being self constituted, and, therefore, responsible only to themselves, they were out of harmony with 
the spirit of American political institutions, and gradually lost their following. While the so called 
rings and combines among the politicians are in reality also self-constituted committees, they are careful 
to preser\-e the form of representative bodies, and are duly "elected " by " delegates " in whose selection 
the party voter is supposed to have a voice. Without this sham adherence to the representative prin- 
ciple, so dear to the American heart, albeit it is a pretence that deceives no one : such combines and 
rings could not maintain themselves one hour. 

The Municipal League represents the third, though, possibly, by no means the last, step in this 
forward progress of the reform idea. It recognizes that better civic government can neither be instituted 
nor maintained unless the citizens generally are first shown that their political duties must receive a 
proper share of their time, attention and means ; and, secondly, that they then organize themselves in an 
intelligent manner for this purpose. It believes that the citizens are to be trusted, not distrusted, and 
that if they are shown the way to keep bossism under foot they will do so. To accomplish this great 
work, it has adopted a comprehensive scheme of Ward and Di\ision organization, thoroughly demo- 
cratic and representative in character, but carefully guarded as to the maintenance of its political 
principles, which is already in operation in several wards, and has conducted successful campaigns for 
■members of councils. 



Hand in hand with this practical organization, the League has carried on the educational work 
provided for in its constitution, and has issued circulars and tracts exposing the evils of niisgovernment 
in our city, and indicating the remedy. The Declaration of Principles adopted by the League provides : 

1. The absolute separation of municipal from national and state politics. 

2. Demand for city government on business principles. Improved system of taxation, street 
paving, lighting, water supply, transit, etc. 

3. Pledge to nominate or endorse only candidates believed to be honest and capable, and iu 
sympatliy with the declared principles of the League. 

4. Civil service reform rigorously applied to city departments. 

5. Investigation of municipal government and publication of results. 

The officers of the League are: George Burnham, Jr., President; Charles Richardson, I'iee- 
Prrsident : Thomas B. Prichett, Keeordiug Seerctary : Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Corresf^cDidiiig Sceyelarv 
and 7'ifasiirer : Finley Acker, Herbert Welsh, Stuart Wood, William Draper Lewis, Henry Gavvthrop, 
Dr. John B. Roberts, Rev. William I. Nichols, John P. Croasdale, Alfred R. Justice, Theodore Wern- 
wag, El)ed S. Cook, B. P'raiik Clapp, William H. Haines, Thomas Martindale, George E. Mapes, 
Dr. S. D. McConnell, George Gluyas Mercer, Hector Mcintosh, Rev. Joseph May, H. Gordon McCouch, 
Frank P. Prichard, Prof. Edmund J. James, D. Webster Dougherty, E. Clinton Rhoads, R. Francis 
Wood. Cniige I). Ritchie, Lincoln L. Eyre, J. S. Sterrett, Harry Swain, Board of Managers. 



The Philadelphia Board of Trade. 

Bv Frederick Fralev, Esq., President. 



This organization of active business men was 
incorporated in the year 1838, although first 
organized some five years before, and has, through 
many channels of influence and efforts been a 
leading factor in the progress of the material 
interests of the City of Philadelphia to the present 
;. time. The writer is the only surviving member 
of tlie original list at tlie time of incorporation. 
Similar Boards of Trade now e.xist in nearly 
every city of importance in the country. These 
tcjgether form the National Board of Trade, in 
which the Philadelphia organization is an influ- 
These associations are of a mixed character. In a general 
way man\' devote themselves to deliberation and consideration of the 
great questions of the day, either in open session or by committees, 
and they develop their work in resolutions appropriate to the objects examined, or in petitions to 
legislative bodies tliat control the management and work of the community at large. There are 
others, partially deliberative and jiartially devoted to dealing, and these constitute a very large 
proportion of those tliat now exist in the United States. Their dealings are enormous. They trade 
with keen and actix'e men ; day by day, indeed hour l)y hour, they work, and the record of what they 
accomplish is presented to the country in the reports which they annually make to their respective 
Ijodies, ar.d which they freely circulate among the institutions cognate to their own. 

Mr. Thomas P. Cope was the first President of tlie Philadelphia Board of Trade, and the chair 
was occupied in turn by Mr. Thomas P. Hoopes, Mr. Samuel C. Morton, Mr. John Welsh, all broad 
minded and progressive citizens well-known in all public movements of their times. The Board of 
Trade now (occupies agreeable quarters in the Drexel Building, and demonstrates by its activity in the many 
lines of public advance that its vitality as a body is still unimpaired. The officers for the present j-ear 
are as follows: President, Frederick Fraley ; First Vice-President, T. Morris Perot; Second Vice- 
President, Thomas L. Gillespie; Third Vice-President, John H. Michener ; Fourth Vice-President, 
N. Parker Shortridge ; Secretary, William R. Tucker; Treasurer, Richard Wood- 




t nti \\ iiiL-niber. 




The Lehner, Johnson, Hoyer Manufg Co. 



MANUFACTLRER3 OP 



plumbers' 
Brass Goods 



DEALERS IN 



Plumbers' Supplies 



JOHNSONS PA n;M hoppi:r cock 



68=74 W. Monroe St. 



Chicago, III. 




Cor. Detroit St. and Mueller Ave. 
CLEVELAND, OHIO 



I F. E.CUDELL 

WHite pietal Ms for PiimiMs 



SEND FOR CATALOGUED- 



BATH 




57 AND 59 Frankfort St. Cleveland, Ohio 



BRASS GOODS... ^ 

Of every Description 

Malleable and Cast Iron 
Fittings 

Soil Pipe and Fittings 

Pipe Cut to Specifications 




^?^ Enameled Iron BATH TUBS 

ns] 

Steel Clad Tubs 

Steel and Cast Iron Sinks 
Lavatories 

Sanitary Specialties 

Syphon Jet Closets 



59 



The Commercial Exchange. 




By Lincoln K. Passmore, President. 



The Commercial Kxcliange, of Philadelphia, was organized about 
forty years ago under the title of ' ' The Corn Exchange Asso- 
ciation," witli Cieneral William B. Thomas as the first President. 
The general object of the Association was the adx'ancement of 
trade and the improvement of the facilities for the transaction of 
business, including the provision and maintenance of suitable 
accommodations for a general business exchange in the City of 
Philadelphia ; the inculcation of just and equitable principles in 
trade ; the establishment of uniformity in commercial usages ; 
the acquirement, dissemination and preservation of valuable, 
information : and the adjustment of controversies between its 
members by arbitration. The present membership approximates 
500, comprising a large proportion of the names most prominently 
connected with the business interests of the city ; those actively 
engaged in handling grain, flour, provisions and general produce, both for dome.stic and export use, 
being more largely represented, whilst the leading coqiorations and banking institutions are to l)e found 
included in the number. 

Under Act of Assembly, approved January 22, 1,863, the Corn Ivxchange Association was created 
a corporate body, and four years later, bv application to the Judges of the Court of Quarter vSessions, 
the original title was changed to the existing more general one, with a view of meeting the widened 
sphere of the Association's influence and usefulness. About this period the members of the E^xchange 
entered upon the occuixuicy of their present commodious ([uarters at 133 South Second Street. The 
building is a substantial structure, designed from a useful rather than a showy standpoint. The lower 
floors consist of a number of well-a|)pointed offices, whilst the entire area of the spacious upper chamber, 
about 100 feet square, well lighted on all sides, and capable of accommodating 4,000 to 5,000 people 
in mass meeting, is devoted to the purposes of exchange business, the official hours being from 10.30 
A. M. until 2.30 p. M. On the " ffoor " are to be found general cable and telegraph offices, well-equipped 
and having direct wires not only to all the principal American markets, with which special facilities 
exist for obtaining quotations, etc., but also with the foreign business centres of the world, and the 
monetary market changes are immediately recorded on huge blackboards provided for the purpose. 
The telephone service is taken ad\-antage of Ijy nearh- all the offices, several being fitted up with the 
"long-distance," and direct oral communication is thus estalilished with New York, Baltimore, and 
even far-distant Chicago. Visitors are admitted at convenient hours, without formalities, on application 
to the proper officers. 

The site of the present home of the Commercial Exchange possesses a certain historical interest, 
for it was there that formerly stood the residence of William Penn, which was remo\-ed for the erection 
of the present building; and it was, perhaps, l)Ut fitting that, since the unsparing hand of time demanded 
the removal of that venerated structure, its place should l)e taken by the premises of an organi/.ation 
whose aims and principles, and thesuccess that hasattended their propagation, would have filled the heart 
of the founder of the city with the greatest satisfaction. Could onl\- the iniinortal Penn rexisit tlie scene 
of his former peaceful abode and witness the daily course of business as transacted under its present 
roof, it is to be doubted whether even he, man of marvellous foresight as he unquestionably was, and 
possessed of the most sanguine lieliefs in the possibilities of the future, would not be filled with awe 
and wonder at the sight of one of the results of the work which his own prodigious energy instituted. 
Without disparagement to the many sister institutions in the city, it may fairly be asserted that 
the Commercial Exchange has for many years past, been recognized as the leading commercial body of 

60 



Philadelphia, and has played a most important part in all her business enterprises. Whilst naturall)- 
more immediately concerned with the furtherance and development of the trade and commerce of •ihe 
port, it has not been unmindful of what it owed to the community at large, and has always been found 
giving the aid of its influence to all movements which aimed at improvements and conveniences in the 
interest of the general body of our citizens ; and its charitable hand has been g;enerously extended 
whenever sister cities or communities have suffered from calamity of fire, flood or famine. Among the 
more important matters that have recently engaged or are occupying the attention of its Board of 
Direction maybe cited the establishment of the Belt Line Railroad : negotiations willi the transportation 
companies feeding the city, with the object of securing equitable conditions for comjietilion with other 
cities ; the impro\-ement of the general transit facilities of Philadelphia ; the establishment of National 
Ouarantine, and the improvement of the Delaware River and Harl)or. 

It may be added in conclusion that the Presidential chair of the Exchange has been filled by 
many of our leading citizens, and is at present occupied by Mr. Lincoln K. Passmore, who was 
re-elected from 1892, with Mr. A. C. Kerr as \'ice- President and Mr. Iv ('.. Tliomas as Treasurer. 
Colonel C. Ross Smith has for many years filled the important ])osilion of Secretarv. 




A nEt.\W.\RK RIVKR ril.OT BOAT. 



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HAVE YOU SEEN IT? 

Ask your Jobber for IDEAL cataloi^ue, giving 
full description of it, also a full and complete line 
(jf Sanitary Specialties. TANKS complete with 

Valves for -cvo?kiiii; all 

closets. Seats, Radiator 

Valves, Hlbows, BraeUets 
and Brass Goods. 



.-A 



' SEATS 






Sold by all Jobbers 

throughout the United States 

and Canada 



ZERO VALVE CO. 

Warehouse, 212 Seneca St. Office, 304 Seneca St. 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 









EZiZSS 



Maiuifacluicrs of Zero Anti-frcc/.in;;" \alve, Zero S. & \V. 
Cock. Vollmcr Anti-frccziiif; Valve, \'ollmcr Svviiii; Closet 
Seal and the H. 1). \V. \ciit Caps. Semi for Catali).i;ues. 







,(4 



for all Purposes f 

nCATlMQbYnOlVAIM 

AND 5T[An 
And^upplyin^nomalerK 

BE5TINU5E - Alt iTECL 
STROriCjLY RIVETED Al^O 

CALKED 

NOCA5T-IROH3ECTION5 
PACKINCiORBOLT'iTO 
CRACK AND LEAK 



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62 







lii.D mi-;kcii.\n I s' KM iMNi.i N.iW (iiiici'^ Ml rill-; iiariti.mk kxcuanoi;. 

The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange. 



This Kxchange was founded in March, 1S75, by husiness men specially interested in the niariliine 
commerce of the port. It was felt that in these modern days of telegraph, cables and rapid ocean 
transit Philadelphia must make an effort if she would keep pace with the times, and maintain her 
position as a great shipping port. The object of the Exchange, as stated in her charter, is "to provide 
and regulate a suitable room or rooms for a Maritime Kxchange, to 
acquire, preserve and disseminate all maritime and other business infor- 
mation, andtodo such other and lawful acts as will tend to promote and 
encourage the trade and commerce of the port of Philadelphia." 

The most pressing need was to acquire maritime information, 
luore particularly as to the movements of vessels entering and leaving 
the Delaware Bay and River. For this purpose reporting stations were 
established and are maintained by the Exchange on Delaware Break- 
water, at New Castle, Del., Reedy Island and Marcus Hook. The 
station on Delaware Breakwater is probably the best and most 
thoroughl}' equipped on the coast. 

Readers interested in the subject of marine commerce will find 
the Annual Report of the Maritime Exchange and its comprehensive 
illustrated Handbook of the Lower Delaware very useful. At present 
Mr. Geo. E. liarnshaw is President. Mr. E. R. Sharwoodis Secretary. 
The latter gentleman has occupied this position since the formation of 
the organization. 

63 




Building Interests. 




AN UP-TOWN DOORWAY. 



By Franklin M. Harris. Builder. 



For nearly a decade, Philadelphia has been -witnessing build- 
ing operations in her midst, averaging in round numbers 9,000 
a year at an average cost of more than $23,000,000. I^ess than 
one in six of these operations were alterations or enlargements. 
A vast amount of public, charitable, scientific, commer- 
cial and railroad and steamboat work has been done. But the 
great bulk of all the work has gone in the direction of work- 
shops, mills, factories, foundries, warehouses and stores, 
and then into homes for the people ; of the latter alone, 
it is roughly estimated, there are, in this year 1892, 
nearly 200,000 two, three and four stories high^ occupied 
separately by single families. The approximate total of 
all buildings in the city is 250,000, against a total of 
about 130,000 in New York where the number of resi- 
dent owners is estimated at onh- 13,000. These figures 
may be better understood when it is explained that New 
York, which has a population of nearly 2,000,000, has 
less than half the area of Philadelphia which has a popu- 
lation of considerably more than 1,000, coo. 

Its wide boundaries have had much to do with 
Philadelphia's development as a " City of Homes," and the settlement here of multifarious industries in 
some of which, as in the carpet trade, she leads the manufacturing world, has inspired her builders to 
greater achievements as much in the matter of mill and office construction as in the building of homes. 
The antiquated structures of the illustrious old residents liave been rapidl\- disappearing from the 
business thoroughfares; country seats have given ... ^ ,-- 

way to rows of cosy houses and high and costly piles 
of brick, and iron, and granite and marble have been 
introduced in the finest and most imposing styles of 
modern architecture. Not dwellings and manufac- 
turies only, but hospitals, churches and club houses 
have been making their appearance in great profusion, 
and in such beauty and symmetry of proportion as to 
win the encomiums of visitors from every country. 

In 1892 there were 10,235 operations costing 
exclusive of land, $34,357,646, of which 6,856 were 
dwellings costing $16,865,200. When one pauses to 
consider that Philadelphia has over 1,150 miles of 
streets of which probably 800 miles are paved ; that 
she has about 400 miles of sewers, and over 26,000 
gas lamps in addition to electric lights, with numer- 
ous public squares and parks, an additional reason 
for extensive building presents itself. 

There has been no retrogression in this phase 
of Philadelphia's development, the march of pro- 



A WEST PHILADELPHIA STAIRWAY. 





I'HU.ADHI.PHIA. 



gress lias been steady in the quantity of work 
done, as well as in the methods of construction 
employed, and public and private enterprise, the 
former sometimes hampered by a low tax-rate, 
have gone hand in hand to the metes and bounds 
of the city's great area. 

Credit is due to capitalists, business men and 
philanthropists for this expansion of building and 
building ideas, but the city itself is not to be 
omitted from the roll of those to whom the praise 
should be given. She has set many an example 
in architectural finish and structural durability 
that might be followed with profit in other cities. 
Her spirit of progress! veness has manifested 
itself in the construction of a City Hall, which 
up to the present time lias cost $15,000,000 and 
which, when finished, will be without its equal 
in the I'nited States. Her spirit is also shown in the standard of excellence maintained for her 
225 school houses, her 60 or more police and fire houses, and in her gas houses and water works. 
She has endeavored to keep up with the enterprise of her citizens ; she has encouraged the right 
kind of Iniilding ; she has witnessed the disappearance of old and dilapidated structures ; she has 
prohibited the construction of frame or other dangerous or inflammable buildings, and in all that 
pertains to domestic and public convenience, in homes or in business places, Philadelphia is keep- 
ing abreast of the times. 

The comfort and beauty of Philadelphia dwellings are exceeded only by the size and style 
of its many bu.siness blocks. Philadelphia architects, like Philadelphia lawyers, have standing in every 
community ; many liuildings in Philadelphia have made the designers world famous. 

In the matter of homes Philadelphia leads all cities in the land. The home of seven rooms, that 
may be rented for $15.00 a mouth contains everj- necessary convenience found in mansions costing 
fortunes. Over 121,000 citizens own land. 

For example : A plot of grass in front and a bit of clay in the rear of his two story brick house 
gives play room to the workingman's children ; the cemented cellar keeps its contents pure and 
dry ; the cosy bath room insures cleanliness and health ; the numerous closets, the .stationary stands, 
sinks, book-cases and wardrobes help furnish the house, and the little range in the kitchen completes 
the home that even the most lowly Philadelphian may reasonably hope to own. 

The following statistics, covering a period of ten 5'ears, give conclusive proof of the activity 
of Philadelphia's builders and justifies Philadelphia's claim for the first place in the American 
building world. 



NUMBER or NEW 
BOILDIXGS ERECTED. 



1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
.1889 
1890 
I89I 
1892 



4.390 

4.938 
6,326 

7.561 
6,784 
8,262 
10,250 
10,136 
6,738 
7,61 I 



ESTIMATED 
COST. 

$10,004,719 

11,217,614 

13.929.274 
16,821,516 
23,787,320 
27,790,816 
31.276,739 
33.830.046 
24,115,870 
29,109,646 



ALTERATIONS TO 
OLD BUILDINGS. 



1,566 

1,524 
1.638 
1.639 
1.309 

1. 47 1 
1,646 
1,811 
2,297 
2,624 



ESTIMATED 
COST. 

$721,512 

513.827 
964,728 

827.445 
528,100 

574.638 

924,916 

1,224,317 

3,445,500 

5,248,000 



65 



Eureka GisteFD Valve f\' 




mm^ 



Tatented .\ugust 7, 1R94 



A valve that will work 
under all conditions. 

Positive in action. 

Ahsoluteh' noiseless. 

Call and see it in opera- 
tion in i;lass cistern at nur 
show rooms and convince 
yourself of its merits. 

# 



Porcelain and Porcelain-lined Bath 
Tubs witti Eureka Fittings. 

Nickel-Plated Showers and Needle Baths 
of every description. 

Open Fancy Marble Lavatories 
with Eureka Fittings. 

The Nile Syphon Closet, 
Oval and Square Top. 

"I.uxus" and "Pennsy" Washout and 

Eureka Washdown Closets 

with Eureka Cabinet- Finish Seats and 

Lids attached. 

Cabinet-Finish Eureka Cisterns of various 

designs. 

All Porcelain and Porcelain-Lined Kitchen 

Sinks and Laundry Tubs. 

We manufacture our own Specialties, and 
carry a full line of Plumbers' Supplies. 



WE SELL TO THE TRADE ONLY- 



NEWELL = BOOTH CO., Ltd 

Brass Founders cind Finishers fi:^ Manufacturers of Plumbers' Supplies 

447, 449 and 451 North Broad Street Philadelphia 

We Sell Direct to PlumDlng supply Houses Only 



^4 . #" 




A^itreous 



o 



unaware 






Keystone Pottery Co. 

TRENTON., N. J. 



.1. H. LYONS 



J. A. UMPLEBV 



.1. BRIAN 



All Ware Stamped with Keystone and Marked Vitrified 

NONE GENUINE WITHOUT OUR ST.'^MP 



\\"c ,nc funiishini; llic following rhinihini; Sui)iilv Houses 
:iii(l I'atcnlccs of SANITARY SPECIALTIES in the UNITED STATES 
uitli our VITREOUS CHINAWARE: 

DALTON-INGERSOLL CO., Boston, Mass. 

McCAMBRIDGE & CO., Ltd., Philadelphia, Pa. 

W. S. COOPER BRASS WORKS, Philadelphia, Pa. 
FRED ADEE & CO., New York, N. Y. 

SMITH & WINCHESTER CO.. Boston, Mass. 
THOS. GIBSOW CO , Cincinnati, Ohio 

JOHN DOUGLAS CO, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
E. W. FISHER CO., Cleveland, Ohio. 

DAYTON SUPPLY CO., Dayton. Ohio. 
STANDARD MFG. CO., Pittsburg, Pa. 

WALLACE PLUMBING SUPPLY AND SPEC- 
IALTY CO., Philadelphia, Pa. 
PECK BROS. CO., New York, N. Y., and New Haven, Conn. 

AND MANY OTHERB 



PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO SANITARY SPECIALTIES 
Send for Catalogue and Prices 

66 



Real Estate Holdings and Valuations. 




Bv John N. Gallagher, Puhlishkr, 
Real Estate Reford. 



Any iiuUistrioiis and frugal wovkiiitjmaii livinp; in Pliiladelpliia may 
become a house owner if he desires, altliough to the outsider, who luider- 
stands few, if any, of our many advantages, this statement will setin iar 
fetched. 

Philadelphia was certainly intended ti>- nature fur the threat, thrifty 
manufacturing city it is. Controlled by no special influence, unless by 
its pro.ximily to the anthracite coal fields, there are centered here the, 
largest as well as the most varied assortment of matuifacturing industries 
to be found in an\- city in the world. That such a \-ariety of shojis and 
fimndries, mills and factories should be associated with the idea of a 
rough and turbulent population is not strange. Indeed, the experience 
of most cities justifies such conclusions : but here the contrary is the fact, 
owing to the wide distribution of real estate holdings among the working 
])eople: the influence from this condition of things being as distinctly 
marked among them as among the rich or higher classes anywhere. 

With an area of one hundred and twenty-nine and a half scjuare 
miles, or about three thousand six hundred and ten S([uare feet of land to 
each inhabitant, it affords each ])ersi)n a liberty- of movement as well as a 

standard of hygienic advantages obtainable in few large cities. 

The cheapness of land in the resident districts lias jiromoted a system of dwellings jiarticularly 

well adapted to the uses of the workers, who nuiinly make up the ;)opulation. The number ot these 



MODKL PHn.ADKLl'HLV HOUSE. 

Exhibited .Tt the World's Colmnbiaii 

]v\l>c).silioii, 1S93. 



dwellings that have been built since the 
first of January, 1S.S7, is simply enor- 
mous, as the following figures will show : 

uS.Sy, Two story dwellings . . . 4,951 

1887, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,700 

1888, Two-story dwellings . . . 5,589 
1 8,s.s, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,428 

1889, Two-story dwellings . . . 7.450 

1889, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,992 

1890, Two-story dwellings . . . 7,,>oi 

1890, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,958 

1 89 1, Two-story dwellings . . . 4.'''52 
1891, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,543 
1893, Two-story dwellings . . . 5,881 

1893, Three-story dwellings . . . 1,737 

Total 50,288 

Thus we find that in eighty-four 
months, preceding the first of January, 

1894, there were erected accom- 
modations for 50,288 families of five 
persons, making the single family system 
possible as well as practicable. In fact, 



! 




FLOOR PLANS— MODEL PHn,ADELPHIA HOUSE. 
World's Columbian Eipoiltlon, 189J. 




,/"■' 



1: " 






iti 



r 

S3?" 




RESIDENCE AT RROAD STREET AND GIRAPD AVENUE. 



it would be difficult to anticipate a 
combination of circumstances that 
could force the people to accept the 
tenement house method of other 
cities. While many of these dwell- 
ings are in the hands of capitalists 
as in\-cstnients, they have also been 
largely purchased by the wage 
earners for homes. An important 
fact pointing to such a conclusion, 
wt-re lietter and more conclusive 
e\'idence wanting, is the great 
shrinkage in the deposits in the 
savings fund institutions. 

In order that the reader more 
clearly comprehends the trend of 
popular sentiment for real estate, 
the following talile of conveyances 
is given : 





TRANSFERS. 


PURCHASE VAi^JATION. 




TRANSFERS. 


PURCHASE VALUATION 


1888 . . 


. . 12,679 . . 


. . $62,663,201.87 


1890 . . 


. . 15.571 ■ • 


. . $82,879,165.22 


i8Sq . . 


• ■ 15-945 ■ ■ 


. . 80,225,270.88 


1891 . . 


. . 14.204 , . 


. . 71.875-S76.33 



A total of 58,399 transfers, amounting to $297,643,514.30. The total incumbrance on the above was 
32.65 per cent., 21.15 P^i' cent, being represented by mortgage, while the ground rent incumbrance 
amounted to 11.5 per cent. 

Of course, the above table embraces all kinds of property : sites for building operations, mills, 
factories, and other industrial and business buildings, yet the preponderance is largely dwellings. 
The greater portion of the incumbrances is represented by the operations of builders to secure advances, 
and the usually heavy percentages associated with large properties used for business purposes. It is 
believed that the holdings used as homes do not carrj' an a\-erage incumbrance of ten per cent. Besides 
the heavy showing of dwelling house construction during the eighty-four months to which reference has 
been made, thousands of massive buildings have been erected to meet the requirements of this busy 
city. These miscellaneous buildings represent an investment of $34,754,686, and include ninety-nine 
churches, costing $4,255,000; banks and office buildings (over two 
stories), costing $9, 19 1,705 ; forty-four school houses, costing $2,444,950; 
mills and factories, $7,681,537; foundries and shops, $5,178,738; and 
hospitals, $997,000. 

In numbers Philadelphia shows f(jr the five years ending with 
December 31, 1891, the erection of 24,173 more new buildings — the 
figures in all cases being official — than New York; 5,162 more than 
New York, Boston and Baltimore combined, and 4,062 more than New 
York and Brooklyn combined. The official figures for Chicago could 
not be obtained ; 4,664 was given for 1890, and 1 1,608 for 1891, which is 
after consolidation, and includes the whole of Cook county with its one 
hundred and thirty-four post office towns against thirty-seven for Phila- 
delphia city and county. The average cost of the above buildings was : 
New York, $17,509.58 each ; Boston, $6,548.67 ; Brooklyn, $4,886.40 ; 
Philadelphia, $3,338.88. 



68 




TWIN HOUSES— A MODER.N TYPB. 



Building Societies. 



By Addison B. Burk, Assistant Managing Editor, 
Public Ledger. 




Philadelphia will always remain the "City of Brotherly 
Love" — tliat is its main characteristic. Two other titles 
have been bestowed upon it, but it has outlived one, that 
of the "Quaker City," and is yearly extending its claim 
to the other, that of the "City of Homes." The census 
returns show that it has substantially a dwelling house for 
each family residing within its borders. There is no other 
city in the world with a million or more inhabitants that can 
lay claim to any such distinction. Various causes have 
combined to encourage the building of a separate house for 
each family, but they cannot well be understood by strangers 
without a brief historical description of the growth of the 
city. The greater part of the city lies on a neck of land 
bounded by two large rivers, the Delaware and Schuylkill.. 
In addition to the city proper, as laid out b^' William Penn, 
numerous other villages, following generally the plan of the 
streets laid out by Penn, were built within the county limits. 
These gradually met each other in the process of growth, 
until they formed a corapactlj^ built city, and were then 
consolidated under one city government. The country 
roads which once connected these different settlements 
naturally developed into the main streets of the villages 
they traversed, and ultimately became business streets of 
the consolidated city. Although the lines of old settlements 
have long since been obliterated, even a stranger in the com- 
pactly built city could almost mark their centres b}' the 
clusters of stores ; and indeed Philadelphia covers such a large 
area that socially and in alnisiness point of view it still partakes of the character of a cluster of settlements. 
One of the great thoroughfares — Second Street — is lined on both sides for a distance of at least five 
miles with stores and shops, above which are dwellings. Ridge Road or Avenue, Lancaster Avenue, 
Passyunk Road, Girard and Columbia Avenues are also great business streets, outside of the limits of 
what are generally called the business parts of the city, the neighborhood of Market, Chestnut and 
Arch Streets. Very early in the history of the city it was laid out in blocks, with what were then 
considered broad streets, the blocks themselves were divided into building lots large enough to be 
within the reach of people of moderate means; and large blocks, or squares, were set apart for parks 
or breathing places. But more important than all this, the building lots were sold on ground rent. 
It was a sale in fee simple, the former owner simply reserving to himself a rent out of the property. 
The buyer became in fact the owner in fee simple of the lot, but, in consideration of not paying for it in 
cash, agreed to pay so nuich rent per annum, and this rent was almost invariably 6 per cent, interest on 
the assumed value of the lot. This was the foundation upon which the " City of Homes " was built. 
Under it very poor men were enabled to acquire title to a lot of ground on which to erect a homestead, 
however humble it might be. They were secure against eviction so long as they paid the very modest 
rent for their lot, and all increase of value which the growth of the city or their own labor put upon 
their property went to them. The same system of ground rents prevailed in all the settlements now 



' PLACE OF TWO AND THREE-STORV 
COTTAGK HO.MES. 
Copyright Harper & Bros. 



69 








^__ iirr 

'inii "^^ 










»«««■■ 



Frieniiis' Mketini! House ani> School. Twelftli Street lielow ^Faiket Street. 




WiLsr KiTTEMiousii SuuAKE (Nineteenth Street below \Valnut), looking South. 



comprising the City of Philadelphia. There was a wide distribution of property, and as most heads of 
families owned their houses and lots, there was little demand or need for apartment houses, and few- 
were built. Every house, whether large or small, was built for the accommodation of only one family. 
The custom was soon fairly established, and even when property had advanced in value so that it became 
more and more difficult for the poorer and more improvident people lo own their own homes, and rented 
dwellings had to be provided for them, fashion, habit or prejudice still impelled each family to have its 
own dwelling complete in itself. More than a hundred years before building and loan associations had 
been established in Philadelphia, before the days of co-operation, Philadelphia was a city of homes, 
made so primarily by the ground rent system, and kept so by the force of local custom. 

The general plan of Philadelphia dwelling houses is also due to the fact that, being built to a 
great extent by people of small means, they were made at first no larger than necessity required and 
were gradually extended as the means of the owner permitted, and as the size of the family increased. 
The distinctive feature of the Philadelphia dwelling for persons of small means is that, whether large 
or small, it is well lighted, well aired and admits of a decent living. Every room in the house receives 
light and air from windows opening on the street or on the yard. Each room, except perhaps the 
kitchen, is entirely separate from all others; that is to say, the occupants may pass by entrj' ways 
direct from the street to any room in the house, without passing through other rooms. Each house is 
also provided with a yard or garden, and these grouped together in the centre of a block, form a broad 
open space common to all the houses above the six feet fence line, while each yard is, nevertheless, the 
exclusive adjunct of the house to which it is attached. The greater portion of the dwellings are also 
provided with bath-rooms, supplied from the city works. The plan developed by experience and not the 
work of anyone architect, is so good and compact that on lots 14 or 15 feet front by 50 deep, comfortable 
dwellings, with 144 square feet of yard space, and containing from six to eight rooms, are erected and 
supplied with the essential conveniences of the best modern dwellings. As a rule, however, the 1 ;ts 
are from 16 to 18 feet in frontage, and from 60 to 100 feet in depth. 

The great bulk of Philadelphia's dwelling houses range in value, including lot, from $;coo to 
$3000. There are of course a large number ranging in value from $5000 to $7500, and for the latter 
sum a house can be bought fitted for the home of a well-to-do merchant. When building societief 
were introduced in Philadelphia fifty years ago, they simply found a congenial soil and flourished on 
that account. They did not create though they have stimulated the desire for ownership of houses, and 
at a time when sales of lots on ground rent were less common than formerly, they provided a ready 
means for poor people to obtain homes of their own. It is an old story that the term building society 
is a misnomer, and that Philadelphia building societies are really co-operative savings funds and 
loan associations. 

The system in the simpler forms may be made plain in this way. One hundred men, each al)le 
to save one dollar a month, agree, in order to strengthen each other in their purpose to save, to put 
their money together at fixed periods and lock it up in a strong box until each shall have accumulated 
$200. It is easy enough to see that if each man is prompt in his payments, the strong box will be 
ready to be opened for a division of the savings at the end of 200 months. If each monthlj^ payment 
stands for a share of stock, then each share will be worth $200 at the end of 200 months. 

But we will suppose that as soon as this agreement has been entered into by which the 100 men 
come together monthly and put a dollar each into a common fund, one of the members suggests that 
instead of allowing the money to lie idle in the box they had better put it out at interest as they 
gather it each month, putting the securities for its return into the box and the interest also as fast as 
earned. At a glance the other members see that, by acting on this suggestion, they will accumu- 
late the $200 on each share in less than 200 months, perhaps in 180 months, when they will have 
paid only $180 each. The suggestion is adopted, and now we have a purely co-operative savings fund 
with only one distinguishing feature, and that one of great value — the savings are compulsory, and 
made at stated periods. The member does not lay aside in this fund his spare cash as humor to save 
prompts him, but enters into an obligation to pay so much per month. Now, j'ou have in this scheme 
as thus far developed, the essential features of our so-called building and loan associations. The other 
branches of business in w^hich they engage, although they give character and name to the societies, 

71 



are really incidental to the accomplishment of the one grand purpose, that of saving money by 
co-operation and by compulsory payment into the treasury. 

The first problem that presents itself to the directors is, how to use the money collected the 
first month. The purjiose of the society will be destroyed if the money is not safely invested. Shall it 
be put in Government bonds at a low rate of interest or invested in bond and mortgage, with real 
estate security, at a high rate ? If the latter course is adopted, to whom shall it be loaned ? John 
Smith who is not a member of the society desires to borrow, but so also does Peter Brown, who is a 
member. If the society should lend to Peter Brown, it will have security additional to that represented by 
his bond and mortgage — in his stock, growing in value month by month. To get this additional security 
for all the money it lends, and at the same time secure a higher rate of interest for its money than could 
be obtained from Government bonds, the society determines to lend only to its meniliers. Now it 
.appears that other members besides Peter Brown want to borrow the first month's collections. How 
shall it be decided between them? Obviously, the fairest plan is to let them bid one against the other, 
and lend it to the man who is willing to give the highest premium over and above the fi.xed or legal rate 
of interest. This course is adopted, and the society finds itself in possession of two sources of profit, 
interest on loans to its own members and premiums for the prior use of money collected. It is manifest 
now that instead of requiring 200 or 1 80 months in which to accumulate in a strong box enough 
money and securities to divide $200 per share, it will only take say 160 months. 

In the course of time, some one of the niembers fails to pay his instalment. If this should be 
permitted it is manifest that the member withholding his deposit and depriving the society of its use 
will, in the end, have an advantage over his fellow members. To check this a fine is imposed ^\ hen 
instalments are delayed, so that the fine may serve as a penalty as well as reimburse the societ^^ for 
the loss of the use of the money. Another member finds that he cannot keep up his payments, 
or he desires to move to another part of the country. To accommodate him, the society agrees to open 
its strong box before the appointed time, give him what he has paid in, with some portion of the profit 
already accumulated, and cancel his stock. Now it is seen that there are, besides interest, three 
sources of profit, namely : Premiums arising from competition for the loans, penalties for non-payment 
of dues, and a portion of the profits withheld from members who fail to remain in the association, and 
whose stock is canceled. And so the features of a Philadelphia building society are developed. 

At last, somewhere between the tenth and the eleventh years, when from $120 to $132 have been 
paid in on each share, the strong box is found to contain securities or money sufficient to divide to 
all the shares, of the borrowers and the non -borrowers, $200 each. The time has come for the society 
to be " wound up," technically speaking. Each holder of an unborrowed or free share gets $200 in 
cash. Each borrower is entitled to $200, but he owes $200, for which the society holds his bond and 
mortgage, so the account is squared by the cancellation of the mortgage. The societ>- thus described 
is a single series society. Stock is now issued in series, but the principle remains the same. The 
series are treated as partners with interests in a business common to all, proportioned to their invest- 
ments and the times for which the investments have been made. 

For many j'ears building societies had no competitors in loaning money for the purchase of 
houses. As money became cheaper capitalists began to compete, and at the piresent day one can 
borrow from individuals money on instalment mortgages so framed that the conditions and results 
to the borrower are substantially the same as though he had become a member of and borrowed from 
a building societ}'. This condition will onlj' last, however, as long as money is cheap. A capitalist 
will not lend on such favorable terms unless forced to do so by the market conditions. 

Complete statistics respecting building societies are not attainable. It is known, however, 
that the vState contains at least 1400 societies, and that about 450 have their offices in Philadelphia. 
If they have an average of looo shares and 200 members each, and the shares of stock have an average 
value of $90, then tlie 1400 societies have 280,000 members and $126,000,000 of assets. There is no 
doubt that Philadelphia has at all times fully $40,000,000 invested in building societies and that the 
members put away nearly $5,000,000 annually in these compulsory savings funds. Nearly all of 
these savings are ultimately invested in little homes and that is why the Iniilders of Philadelphia 
erect many thousands of small houses every year. 

72 




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74 



The Builders' Exchange. 



By William W. Morgan. 








CHAXGK ROOM. 



^^ . J^if Among the minierous bodies representative of special interests in the 

" City of Philadelphia, there is probably not one that has so fully proven the 

wisdom and forethought of its projectors as the Master Builders' Exchange- 
Tlie organization was first publicly proposed at a meeting of tlie 
Master Plasterers' Association on June 7, 1886. At that time the 
employing, or master mechanics, in the various building trades, owing to 
hibor agitations and other questions affecting contracts, found tliemselves 
very freijuently working at cross purposes, and as a result, tlie fee'ing 
was gaining ground that something must be done for their mutual pro- 
tection. When, therefore, the matter of forming an organization assumed 
shape in the Master Plasterers' Company, it received a flattering affirmative response from representative 
men in all the building trades, and as a consequence, there was but little difficulty or delay in getting 
together and deciding upon the form, scope and manner of conducting the association required to best 
serve their interests. 

A charter was granted February 17th, 1887, in the corporate name of "The Master Builders' 
Exchange of the City of Philadelphia," and temporary quarters were at once established by leasing the 
rotunda of the old Pliiladelphia Exchange building at Third and Walnut Streets. A few months after 
(June 1887) the present home of the Exchange on .Seventh Street was purchased from the German 
Society. The building was one of the best known to Philadelphians, as it had been for many years 
occupied by the city as a gas office. In the Spring of 1889, shortly after obtaining possession of the 
premises, the Exchange set about remodelling it to suit their purposes. The front portion was 
thoroughly overhauled and radically changed, and on the rear of the lot a fine five-story fire-proof 
office building was erected. An additional story was placed on the front building in i8yi, in whicli 
a first-class cafe has been established for the accommodation of members, tenants and the general 
public. These improvements were completed about the first of November, 1889. 

The Lumbermen's Exchange occupies a portion of the second floor of the building and the 
meetings of the Stone Cutters' Association, the Bricklayers' Company, the Master Carpenters' and 
Builders' Company, the Master Plasterers' Association, the Master Plumbers' Association, the 
Philadelphia Saw and Planing Mill Association, the Master Painters' Association, and the Metal Roofers' 
Association are also held in the building, thereby practically making it a headquarters for all the 
building trades. 

Prior to the organization of the Exchange, the Builders of Philadelphia held but an unimportant 
place in the business community in comparison with the amount of their financial transactions and the 
responsibility devolving upon them ; but by virtue of concentrated 
action, influence judiciously exercised, and a determination to maintain 
their righ's, freely expressed through the medium of a thoroughly well 1 
managed Exchange, they have made rapid strides toward elevating the 
building interests of Philadelpliia to their proper plane in business and 
financial circles. 

The work done in 1S92 by members of the Exchange represents 
upwards of seventy-five per cent, in amount of all the contracts awarded 
in Philadelphia for buildings erected under architects' plans and specifi- 
cations, in addition to which many of them have had large operations 
in other sections of the country. 

Ill addition to concentrating the various building trades under 
one strong and influential organization representing building interests, 

75 




EXTERIOR VIK1V. 




the Builders' Exchange has gone further and established two new 
departments : the Permanent Exhibition and the Mechanical Trade 
Schools., both of which have been eminently successful, and have 
attracted widespread attention and most favoralile comment. 

Tlie Dnilclers' Excliano-e Mechanical 'J'rade Schools have for their 
object the instruction of j'oung men whereby they will be given such 
insight into whatever building U-.\de they may select, as will enable 
them to be at once useful and renumerative to their employers when 
EXHIBITION KiiuM. tlicy cntcr upon a regular apprenticeship, and tend to save them from 

the drudgery to which the average American boy so strongly objects ; 
but which the ordinary apprentice is subjected to during the first year or so of his efforts to become a 
skilled mechanic. Instruction is given in the use of tools, the actual handling, mixing and manipu- 
lation of materials, and also in mechanical drawing, and other technical points which will prove 
useful in the trade. These schools have been in operation since September, 1890, and are the first of 
the kind ever established under the auspices and control of a Builders' Exchange. Their success is 
very gratifying, and efforts are now being made by the Exchange toward their permanent endowment 
and material enlargement from year to year. 

The Buiiders Exchange Permanent Exhibition has become so well known that visitors to Phila- 
delphia desirous of seeing the special attractions, are shown through it the same as through Independ- 
ence Hall, Girard College, the United States Mint, the City Hall, or Fairmount Park. It constitutes a 
handsomely arranged and classified exhibit of all kinds of materials and devices which enter into the 
construction and finish of buildings, and occupies the entire first floor of the Exchange. It was opened 
to the public in November, 1SS9, since which time it has been growing in popular favor as well as in the 
number and character of its exhibits. During the j-ear 1892, the number of visitors was upwards of 
90,000, and from a register containing the names and address of many of these, it is shown that they come 
trom almost every country on the face of the earth. To property owners and others interested in building 
mterests, this Permanent lixhibition is recognized as being of the greatest possible value, as it gi\-es them 
an opportunity of seeing at once the latest and best things to be used in erecting or remodelling a 
building of any description. Exhibitors pay an annual rental for the space they occupy. Admission is 
free, and the exhibition is open to the public from 8 a. m. to 5 v. m., every day in the year, except 
Sunday and legal holiday's. 

The Master Builders' Exchange of Philadelphia took a very prominent part in the organization, in 
1887, of the National Association of Builders, wdiich is composed of representatives from Builders' 
Exchanges located in all the principal cities of the United States. Much good has resulted through 
the medinin of the National Association, by l)ringing together representative builders and building 
t''adesmen for conference, interchange of views and the establishment of iniiform improved methods 
and laws relating to the building l>usiness throughout the country. 

This Exchange has always been looked upon by the memliers of the National A.ssociation as a 
model to be followed in the organization of similar liodies. 

A history of the Exchange was recently published, giving a full account of its transactions from 
the date of organization in 1SS6. The book is a model of the printer's art and a monument to the 
enterprise of the Exchange. It contains upwards of 500 pages of text, and in addition is handsomely 
illustrated with ]iortraits of past and present officers, habitations of men of various countries and ages, 
views of the Exchange and its different departments, and the exterior and interior of a model Phila- 
delphia house for persons of moderate means. The Exchange has always taken an active part in 
State and municipal affairs where an expression of public opinion on building subjects has been 
desirable, and its weight and influence are recognized and respected in all business circles. 

By establishing and upholding the Exchange, the builders of Philadelphia liave accomplished 
jiuch, and are in a position to confidently look forward to still greater achievements. 



76 



DOUGLAS RUBBER ELBOW 




A Rubber Elbow with SLIP JOINT CONNECTION 



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77 




ON CHESTNUT STREET. 



>ome Comparisons. 



Population is niassin.a: in large industrial centers ; the size of the family is decreasing, hut the number 
of dwellings lias increased during the decade at a rate relatively greater than the population. First, as 
to the surprising growth of urban population : The Eleventh Census has established the fact that from a 
country in which about 3 per cent, of the population were dwellers in towns of S,ooo inhabitants and 
upward, we have developed into a vast industrial nation in which nearly 30 per cent, of tlie population 
is concentrated in places of over 8,000 inhabitants ; over 36 per cent, in places of 2,500 ; or, if the limit 
is extended down to small towns and villages of 1,000 and upward, therein may be found about 42 per 
cent, of the population. To ascertain the effect of this concentration of population upon the occupa- 
tions, the health, the mental and moral conditions, the material welfare, and the future of the people 
of the United States, is one of the most interesting and important problems of the age. 

While the tendency in many of our large cities is to mass population in tenement houses, the 
returns for the country show a satisfactory diminution of the nruiiber of persons to a dwelling from 5.94 
in 1850 to 5.60 in 1S80 and 5.45 in iSgo. It has been said often that Philadelphia is the most American 
large city in the Union. In the matter of homes this is certainly true. While S3I2 per cent, of the 
population of New York City li\e o\'er 10 to a dwelling, only 12.^4' per cent, of the population of Phil- 
adelphia are found o\-er 10 to a dwelling, and 87/4 per cent, in dwellings having less than 10. In this 
remarkable city of homes o\-tr 933^ per cent, of dwellings contain less than lopersons, and less than 4^2 
per cent. more. The other city of over a million inhabitants, Chicago, is about evenly divided between 
the two classes of dwellings. In New York nearljr 29 per cent, of the dwellings contain more than 20 
jiersons to each dwelling, and 66?4 per cent, of the population there li\'e over 20 to a dwelling. 

The average size of families in 1S90 in seven of our largest cities is as follows : Philadelphia. 
5.10; Baltimore, 5.01 ; Boston, 5.00; Chicago, 4.99; St. Louis, 4.92; New York, 4 S4 ; Brooklyn, 
4.72. In the case of Philadelphia, this shows an excess o\'er the general average of the entire country 
;4.93) of abo\-e 3 per cent. 

7« 



Markets of Philadelphia. 




By GeorGK E. MapeS, PhilaJflphia Times. 



:;^ 



1 >wi*/eat^- -«\ 



Philadelphia has been notalile from the first for the excellence and 
extent of its markets. Penn i-amo in 16S2, and tlie following year 
there was a markt-t in which Initchers erected movable stalls. 
This market was at tlie corner of Front Street and Market, then 
called High Street. Ten j-ears later, inider William I^IarKham, 
Deputy Governor, this market was r^'^'ovcd ?:-c •.-';i"are further 
west to Second and Market Streets, and provided with a bell. At 
this time and place, customs and regulations were adojUed, which 
practically continued to this day. There were to be two markets 
a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, all sorts of provisions 
brought to the city were to be offered for sale here and nowhere 
else under penalty of forfeiture. The articles dealt in included 
" flesh, fish, tame fowl, butter, eggs, cheese, herbs, fruits and 
roots, etc.," the latter evidently meaning sucli culinary vegetables 
as were then cultivated in the province. The market was to open 
at the sound of the bell, which was to be rung in Svnnmer between 
six; and seven A. M. and in Winter between eight and nine. Sales 
made before hours excejjt to the Go\-ernor and Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor were forfeited. All were forbidden to buy or price these provisions on their way to market, and 
hucksters could not buy until the market had been opened two hours. The clerk of the market received 
half of all forfeitures, together with six pence per head on all slaughtered cattle; two pence for each 
sheep, calf or lamb ; three pence for each pig; but no charge was made on what the country people 
brought to market already killed. lie was also allowed a penny each for sealing weights and measures. 
In 17 10 a Court House was erected in Market Street between Second and Third, which stood 
upon arches with brick pillars to rest upon, the basement of which was open for market stalls. This was 
the first market muler roof, and the building, of which a picture is furnished in this article, was Court 
House, seat of the I,egislature and Municii)al Council, State House and Town House until the erection 
of the State House, now known as Independence Hall, in 17.15. It was a quaint, old-faslnoned building 
with a little cupola and liell and having a balcony in front with steps from either side leading up to it. 
I'rom this balcony tlie in:;ugural addresses and ])roclamations of the colonial governors were read, and 
the famcnis preacher, George Whitfield, used it as a 
pul])it from which to preach to six thousand people. 
It is interesting to note that at this early day the 
jieople of Philadelphia were schooled in public 
affairs in this very act of buying and selling their 
daily supplies, a custom their descendants follow 
to this day. The market houses being still tlie 
common meeting ground for discussing current 
political events. This primitive market system 
expanded as the city grew by the building of 
market sheds in the centre of the wider streets, in- 
cluding Callowhill, Spring Garden, Girard Avenue 
and many others, the sheds being owned by the 
city, and the stalls rented to the fiarmers, butchers, 
fishermen and fruit and vetjetable dealers. This 



COHKX HOCSB AND MARKET, 2D .AND MARKET .ST" 

ERECTED 1710. 

From au Old Print. 




— "Til Pi 13(1 

1— rsv^ i-:i 






A PORTION OK OLD SPRING GARDEX MARKET, NOW REMOVED, 



system continued and expanded according to the 
demands of tlie rapidly increasing population until 
the year 1851, when there were forty-nine of these 
public market houses in various sections of the 
city. At this time the agitation for the consolida- 
tion of the outlying boroughs and sections into 
one gjeat municipality was at its height. Business 
men begr.n to complain of the market houses in 
the middle of the streets as obstructions to busi- 
ness, and it was proposed that the markets should 
be transferred to pri\-ate owners a\1u> would erect 
spacious, well-lighted buildings in coin-enient 
localities for *"his purpose. 

Like all inno\-ations in Philadelphia, this was a change of slow growth. The first market of this 
kind was called the Broad Street Market House, and was opened for business June 4, 1.S51. It proved 
a failure, the citizens persisting in patronizing the public market sheds. The Brcjad Street Market 
House became the W'est Chester Railway Station. Slow as was the change, however, it made constant 
headway, and at the present day biit four of the forty-nine public sheds remain, and these are doomed. 
The unsuccessful Broad Street Market House has been succeeded by thirty-five of its kind, or nearly at 
the rate of one for every ward in the city. There are i ,184 stalls rented by dealers whose goods are on 
di-splay every day in the week, except Sunday, exclusive of the farmers and market gardeners who throng 
to the city in regiments on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Dock Street Market has always been the 
great distributing point. Here the fruit and early vegetal)les of the South were Ijrought by rail, and the 
fish and oysters lirought in sloops and other vessels were exposed for sale. The Dock Street Market is 
about to be abandoned, luiwe\-er, and at Thirty-second and Market Streets, in West Philadelphia, will 
be located the distributing market of the future. At this ]ioint the Philadelphia Market Company \vill 
recei\-e oranges, fresh fruit and vegetables by a three-day train from Jacksonville; strawberries and gardei 
truck from Norfolk on the morning after shipment; peaches and watermelons, in their season, fron. 
Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey : apples from Western New York and Michigan ; dressed meat from 
Chicago and Kansas City ; and live cattle from every State, from Pennsylvania to Oregon ; fish from the 
great lakes of the West, the ocean on the Ivist, and creeks, rivers and lakes of the neighboring States ; 
game of all sorts from all sections ; o_\-sters from the Chesapeake and Pong Island Sound. In short, 
everything edible in its season, from the Bermuda Islands in the East to the vineyards and orchards of 
California on the West. In the matter of svipplying the outlying suburljan towns the market system of 
Philadelphia is admirable. Both the Philadelphia and Reading and the Peinisylvania Railways deliver 
the market baskets free of charge, for those who come to town to buy the day's provisions, over their 
respecti\-e lines. Of the market houses, that under the Reading Terminal , at Twelfth and Filbert Streets, 
is undoubtedl>' the leading example, because of its central location and its proximity to the two great 
railway terminals of the city. As a single item, showing the importance ol the market business of 
Philadelphia, the agricultural lands in Philadelphia County alone are assessed at twenty-one millions of 

dollars, the most of which are de\'oted to market gardening. 
The same business is extensively followed in Piucks, Mont- 
gomery, Chester and Delaware Counties, and in the States 
of New Jersey and Delaware, for the purpose of supplying 
the Philadeliihia market. In short, the people of no great 
city in the covmtry live better or are better supplied with 
the necessaries, delicacies and luxuries which are essential to 
please the palate and sustain the bodily vigor of the ordinary 
human being. The market system of Philadelphia remains 
to-day what it has been from the very foundation of the city — 
the best in America. 



So 




wBW Market house, 30TH .and market streets. 



Railroad Terminals of Philadelphia. 




By John A. Johann ano Frank W Harold, Tht Puhlii- Ledger. 



In no city of the world an- llure such magnificent railroad terminals as exist in Philadelphia. The 
Broad Street Station of the Peinisyhania Railroad has been a model of a perfect railroad building for a 
score of years, but it has now been succeeded by a greater and much more commodious structure, 
imposing in appearance and more perfect in its arrangements than the old. This and the magnificent 
new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad are the largest in the 
world. Philadelphia, therefore, lias the two greatest passenger terminals built, beautiful alike in 
grandeur and architectural features, and as complete as the suggestions of experienced railroad men 
could make them. 

Another passenger terminal, not as large as those of the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroads, is that of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. 
It is of sufficient size to accommodate the growth of the business of this trunk line for several years, 
and is not lacking in all the conveniences for passengers and trains known to modern railroading. All 
of the great passenger stations are located within the heart of the city on the main artery of traffic and 
close to the centres of every line of trade. The Pennsylvania Railroad Station is at Broad and Market 
Streets, directly opposite Philadelphia's magnificent new City Hall. Its style of architecture is modern 
Gothic, harmonizing with the old station familiar to visitors to the Quaker City. 

The main building is ten stories high, 306 feet on Broad Street, from Market to Filbert, and 
having a depth of 2 1 2 feet on Market Street. Fifteenth Street is bridged, running beneath the vast station. 
This great structure contains about 200 rooms and many of the main offices of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
connected directly with the operating department are provided lor. The base of the building is of 
granite and the upper stories of brick with terra cotta trimmings. The whole structure is absolutely 
fire-proof. At the base of a high tower, which stands directly at the corner of Broad and Market Streets, 
is a splendid main entrance, 70 feet deep, from which elegant stairways lead to the waiting rooms on 
the second floor. There are carriage facilities, elevators and every convenience that belongs to a 
modern railroad station of the first class. The train shed connected with this is its crowning feature and 
is doubly interesting because it is the largest single span shed ever constructed. It is an arch of iron 
and glass, reaching from Market to Filbert Streets, and having a clear span of 304 feet. Its length is 600 

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feet, its height i46'_' feet from the track level, and it covers sixteen tracks with their commodious 
platforms. Nearly five acres are covered by the shed, and the total length of the main building and 
shed is Sio feet S'^ inches. 

The approach to this great terminal station is over an elevated railway supported on arches of 
solid brick. The Broad Street Station really incltides the extensive Adams Express and Pennsylvania 
Railroad freight stations, extending to the westward of the passenger station for four blocks. The 
traffic of the Broad Street Station is enormous, both in trains and passengers. An average of 60,000 
people arrive and depart from this station every day in the year, and 530 scheduled trains daily, with 
rarely a trifling accident, is the proud record of this great terminal. Between 4 and 7 p. m., every 
week-day, fifty trains arrive and eighty depart. The enormous aggregate of 20,000,000 passengers were 
handled in 1892, an increase during ten years of 11,000,000. 

The new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was opened to traffic 
on January 20, 1893. Its style of architecture is composite renaissance, a style never before adopted 
for a great railroad terminal. On Market .Street the station front is 266 feet, with a depth of 107 feet on 
Twelfth Street. The building is eight stories high and its facade is impressive and magnificent. The 
building is one of the architectural ornaments of the city. New England granite was used in the 
construction up to the second floor level. Above that there is a pleasing combination of pink tinted 
brick and white terra-cotta. In the basement of the building there are several stores. The main 
entrance is in the centre of the Market Street front, and there is also an entrance from Twelfth Street. 
On the second floor, which is level with the tracks, there are five offices and waiting rooms, furnished in 
sumptuous style. The main waiting room is 78 by 100 feet, with a ceiling 35 feet high, and the 
decorations are elaborate. It opens on a lobby 50 feet wide, running the whole width of the station 
and giving entrance to the tracks. The structure also includes a well appointed restaurant, convenient 
baggage and express rooms, carriage entrances, elevators and every necessary convenience for the 
comfort of passengers. The train shed is 266 feet 6 inches wide and 507 feet in length and contains 
thirteen tracks. 

The upper stories of the station are occupied as the general executive and operating offices of 
the company, affording commodious and comfortable rooms for every department. Its length is 405 
feet. The iron arch has a clear span of 266 feet, and contains 90,000 square feet of glass. The distance 
from the level of the thirteen tracks in the shed to the top of the arch is 80 feet. Beneath the tracks in 
the great shed is a busy market house, occupied by the merchants who formerly rented stalls in the 
farmers' market houses which were torn down to make room for the new station. The number of 
scheduled trains running from this station over the many divisions of the Philadelphia and Reading 
system is 290 daily. 

The passenger station of the Baltimore and Ohio is situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill 
at the southwest corner of Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. It is constructed of pressed brick and 
is of a pleasing design, a prominent feature being a tall clock tower. Wide stairways descend to the 
track level from the main entrance on Chestnut Street, which is here elevated to the second floor level 
of the station, on the eastern approach to the handsome bridge which spans the Schuylkill River and 
the railroad tracks on each bank. The second story of the station contains large waiting rooms and a 
well appointed restaurant, besides the offices of the Philadelphia division of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad. The main waiting room occupies nearly the entire first floor of the station and opens on a 
lobby leading to the train shed. The splendid express trains of the Royal Blue Line to New York and 
Washington pass through this station. 

Probably no city in the United States is better provided with freight terminals. The freight 
stations of the three great railroad lines centring in Philadelphia are so evenly distributed that they are 
to be found in almost every section of the city. Not in any city of the country has any single railroad 
provided so many points for the shipments and delivery of freight as has the Pennsylvania. It has over 
thirty stations which receive and send out freight. The Mantua Transfer Station, which is 700 feet 
long, alone handles a business of 50,000 tons a month of miscellaneous freight. The aggregate tonnage 
haiidled at all the Pennsylvania Railroad's freight stations in 1892 was 10,218,000 tons. The great 
commodities, such as grain, flour, coal and produce, have special stations devoted to them. At Green- 








. m /T» 








THE RICADING TICRMIXAL STATION, TWr.I.l-TII AMI MARKKT STRKKTS. 

wich Point, on the Delaware River, are the coal wharves. There are five tressels for the shipment of coal 
and an average of 300 car loads a day are handled. C.rain is chiefly received at the two great elevators 
at Girard Point, which have a combined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels. There is also a storehouse 
there; and besides the grain piers, there are two for the discharge of iron ore from abroad and two for 
merchandise. The flour depot is at Eighteenth and Market Streets. In 1892, 550,000 barrels were 
handled there from the West. 

At Thirtieth and Market Streets is an extensive statioti where Southern fruits and vegetables 
arrive. Live stock is delivered at large stock yards in West Philadelphia, which are connected with an 
abattoir. Dry goods and hardware are received at the Dock Street Station, which has as an adjunct a 
large cold storage warehouse for the perishable trade. The terminus for miscellaneous freight for the 
Southern system is at Broad and W'ashington Avenue. 

The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad has upwards of twenty-five freight stations in Philadel- 
phia, situated in every section in the city, handling millions of tons of freight annually. The two most 
extensive general stations where miscellaneous freight is received and delivered are the Broad Street 
Station, at Broad and Callowhill Streets, and the Willow and Noble Streets Station, at Front, Willow 
I and Noble Streets, and Piers 23 to 29, North Wharves. Other large stations for miscellaneous freight 
are at Piers 33 to 39, South Whar\-es ; Second and Berks Streets and Twenty-third and Arch Streets. 

85 



S?a 




The Oster Mf^. Co. 

CLEVELAND, OHIO 



Manufacture 

Plumbers' and Steam Fitters' Hand Tools 

A coiiiparison of merits always results in a 
choice "<" 




The OSTER Patent Adjustable Die Stocks 



They arc perfection itself. Tlic new line of Adjustable Ratchet Stocks are the most reliable and liamU- tools to he 
found. Satisfaction always ^u;irautccd. Plumbers and Steam Fitters arc invHcd to try them. They are sold by the trade at 
popular prices, and warranted in all respects. If your dealer does not kcc]) them, write 

Claridqe & Bartholomew, 505 Cherry St., } . , r^, ■, . , .■ 
McFadden Company, Arch St., \ Agents, Philadelphia, Pa. 

THE OSTER HANUFACTURINQ COHPANY, Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. 




Oh! I DON'T KNOW 



Then write its and find out all abotit 



The DiJDDiDg Boi'Gi's... 



Steam and Hot Water Heating 



The Dunning 

The New Dunning - 

The Dtinnins: "Club" 



For Hard Coal 

For Hard or Soft Coal 

For Hard or Soft Coal 



WE MAKE ALL STYLES AND SIZES- 



NEW YORK CENTRAL IRON WORKS CO., 118 Exchange St., Geneva, N. Y. 

Thomas Devlin Sc Co. 

i^1i;iiio;h ^we.. ^v^ikric.vn ,vpsi> rjiiui) .«-i'ri-i., i>ii 1 1^ v i>]:i>i»iii v. i»a., tt. s. a. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



Patterns of 
Wood, Metal, 

Brass or Iron 
made by 
Hodelor flechan- 

ical Drawing. 

Fine and Strong 

Bronze, Sub= 

Silver 

and Electrical 

Bronze Castings 

to Order. 




r * 




Jrj W' 



toil e© u ^ '■*=4 



Tinning, 

Japanning, 
Galvanizing, 
Plating, 

Fitting, 

and 

Machine Work 

Promptly 

Done. 



^% 



Malleable Iron Fittings for Gas, Steam and Water 

Malleable and Soft Grey Iron, Steel, Brass and Bronze Castings to order from special patterns 



S6 



At four points, widely separated, carload traffic only is received and delivered . The potato yard 
where potatoes are received by the carload, is at Second and Master Streets. At Pier 8, South Wharves, 
freight in any quantity to and from the Atlantic City Railroad is handled. Deliveries of flour are made 
at the Sixteenth Street Stores, Sixteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Grain for export is delivered 
at the Port Richmond Elevator, and lumber at the lumber storage yard, Tenth and Berks Streets. 
Shipments of live stock are delivered at the North Philadelphia Drove Yard, Drove Yard Station, Fifth 
Street and Rising Sun Lane, in the northern section of the city. Besides the purely freight stations 
named, there are the extensive coal wharves and steamship piers at Port Richmond, and transfer stations 
at Wayne Junction and other suburban points. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has large freight receiving and delivery stations at fonr points 
on the Delaware River, occupyir.g eight piers, and one point on the Schuylkill River at Race Street. 
This company also has coal piers at the foot of Snyder Avenue, Delaware River. 

Philadelphia's long stretch of over six miles of water front 
on the Delaware River is aseriesof busy railroad and steamboat 
terminals, interspersed with wharves devoted to the business of 
great sugar refineries and other industries or branches of trade of 
a commmercial nature. The railroad companies own or control 
more than half of the wharves on the Delaware, and their needs 
are such that they are frequently in the market as i)urchasers 
of more. 

At Port Richmond, the northernmost improved 
point on the Delaware River, are the wharves of the 
North Atlantic Trident line of fireight steamers. _ The 
grain elevator at this point has a 
capacity of 960,000 btishels. Stretch- 
ing I0 the southward are the extensive 
coal wharves of the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Company. Numer- 
ous wharves, de- 
voted to manufac- 
t u I i n g industries, 
ship building. 







PROPOSED READING R. R. SUBWAV ALONG PENNSVLVANIA AVENUE WRST OF BROAD STREET. 




REFERENCES 

City Hall 

Baldwin Locomotive Works 

3. Point Breeze 

4. Germantown Junction 

5. Greenwich Point 

6. Port Richmond 
North Penn. Junction 
Frankford Junction 
Girard Point 



Map of Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad. 

open to all railroads. Indicated by dotted line. 



SS 




PORT RICHMOND COAI, TKRMIX AL. 



coastwise and river commerce, the ferry liusiiiess anil the extensive freight business of the three railroads, 
extend to and beyond the central jxirt of the city, l.ower down the ri\-er are the great sugar refineries 
and another grain elevator at the foot of Washington Avenue, with a cai)acity of 400,000 bushels. A 
splendid group of ]iiers to the north and south of this elevator constitute the terminal of the American, 
Red Star, Atlantic Transport and Allen lines of transatlantic steamers. These fine wharves are the 
propertv of the Pennsvhania Railroad Company, which maintains large freight stations on and near 
them. The coal shipping piers of the same railroad company are at Greenwich Point, still further 
down the river. 

Passing League Island, willi its dry-dock, group of massive brick buildings and war vessels, 
constituting in many respects the finest navy yard possessed by the United States Government. The 
Girard Point grain elevators are reached near the mouth of the Schuylkill River. These two towering 
brick structures have a comliined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels, and are continually surrounded by- 
vessels loading grain for all parts of the world. A short distance up the Schuylkill is the great oil 
shipping terminal, Point Breeze. It is the terminus of the pipe lines of the Standard Oil Company, 
and huge tank steamers receive their cargoes all the year round. 

An important factor in the future commercial economy of the city, is the construction of the 
system of the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad Co., which will soon, it is expected, girdle the city, and 
touching all lines of railroad, afford to them eipial facilities for the handling of freightage upon the whole 
water front of the city, both east and west, thus developing a great area of now inaccessible territory. 
The length of this ligament binding together our tendons of traffic, will be about twenty-six miles. Of 
this some six miles are now completed, including the lease of a section of track owned by the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad Company. By this system, with its numerous sidings, goods of every kind may be 
placed in the cars upon the premises of the shipper, saving the large item of drayage, etc., and affording 
a corresponding advantage in competition. Fifty-one per cent of the stock is held by the Board of 
Trade and Commercial Exchange, as trustees, to ensure the perpetual impartiality of this line in its 
relation to the great railroads which will severally connect with it. The officers of the company are: 
Francis B. Reeves, Prcddent : Richard TuU, Treasurer; John J. Curley, Secretary, and Sidney 
Williams, General Manager. 




THE JOHN BULI, "PEXXSY'S" FIRST LOCOMOTIVE, AND ITS CARS. 
.\s run from New York to Chicago iu .\pril, iSy^. 




■'^miML^^--^^ 



Our Waterways. 



Bv Prof. I,k\vis M. Haupt, Civil Engineer. 



The A-arying phases of conmiL-rce in Pliiladelpliia, as elsewhere, can best be understood by a review 
of the conditions which surround it, and as these are hirgely of a physical nature, I will essa^^ to 
present to my readers an outline of the history and development of the waterways which have con- 
tributed so largely to out former commercial and present manufacturing supremacy. 

It is believed that the majestic ri\'er which connects this city with the sea was discovered and 
named by Lord De la Ware in 1610, en route to Jamestown, as Governor of \'irgiiiia, holding com- 
mission from Queen Elizabeth. At this time the Dutch were active in their explorations, and in 1609 
Hendrick Hudson entered the North River, now named after him, but it was not until 16J3 that 
Cornelius Mey explored the Delaware, which he probably named the South River, as it was so called by 
the Xetherlanders during their occupancy of this section. He ascended the river and built a fort at the 
mouth of Timlier Creek, at Gloucester Point, which he called Nassau. The early Dutch settlers were, 
however, all massacred by the natives, and it was not until the Spring of 1638, when the Swedes 
inaug-urated their peace policy by bartering for their lands, that a permanent settlement was effected on 
the meadows of the Mincpias, which they named Christeen, after their Queen, Christiana. The out- 
cropping ledge of rock where they landed, and near which Fort Christiana and their church were built, is 
still to be seen 011 the left liank of the river, in the City of Wilmington. This is the Plymouth Rock of 
the early Colonists on the South Rix'er, and it is to be regretted that its site is not marked by a monu- 
ment. The old fort has succumbed to the demands of industrial progress and has gi\'en place to ship 
3'ards and car shops. 

Fort\'-five years later ( 1 6S3 ) William Penn wrote : "The cmuitry hath the ad\-antage of many 
creeks, or, rather, rivers, that run into the main river or bay ; some navigable for great ships, some for 
small craft. Those of most eminence are Christiana, Brandywine, Skilpot, Sculkill, any one of which 
have room to lay up the Royal Navy oi Kngland, there being from four to eight fathom of water." 

Van der Douck likewise relates " how, on the river lies, first, Miniiiua's Kihl, where the Swedes 
have built Fort Christiana, where the largest ships can load and unload at the shore. There is another 
place on the rix'er called Schulkihl, which is also navigable." 

Thus it may be seen that for more than two centuries the possibilities of this noble river liave 
been appreciated and, to some extent, utilized. The incessant pulsations of the tides, wliich ebb and 
flow along its Ijanks. hax'e producetl many changes in the i)hysical condition of the ri\-er, but the\- have 
not marred its lieauty nor destroyed its commerce. 

The picturesque canoes of the savage have given jilace to the majestic monarchs of the sea, and 
the paltry trade in skins has yielded to the commerce of the world. Now, upon the bosom of this great 
life stream, floats innumerable tons of coal, grain, oil, cattle and merchandise, products of the industry 
and thrift (jf this progressive commonwealth. As we view the years gone by the memory becomes 
crowded with the many tragic and momentous events which have marked her course. Her defensive 
works, her wars and her victories, the triumphant passage of her waters by the intrepid Washington, 
her blockades and her disasters are all of record, but it should not be forgotten that it was upon these 
historic waters, flowing close to the homes of the great inventors and philosophers, Franklin, Ritten- 
house, Fulton, F''itch, F.vans and others, where was made the first application of steam to navigation. 

90 



John B. L,ober, President. 



Dr. L. S Filbert, Vicc-Pieddenl. R. Y. Filbert, Seciefary and Treasurer. 

Win. G. Wilson, Manager. 




JlJES 
/\o/AICS 
/\A?fTIES GRAJES, 

Etc. 











ORDERS IN TOWN OR COUNiiir SOLICITED. 



Dealers aiul Mcclianics ill Tiles for Walls, I'loors, 
Ceilings, l-"ire-])laces, etc. 
Xrtislsaiid Mechanics in Mosaics- Roman, Venetian, Florentine. 

Dealers in Wood Mantels, Ojicn I-"ire-])laces, and (Iratcs and 
Cias Orates. 
Dealers and Mechanics in Imported Onianiental Marbles and Onyx. 
\Vc have onr extensive Show-rooms now open, .and extend a cordial 
invitation to .all to visit the same, feeliiis.; that .all wonld find 
soiiiethiiii; of interest. 



1712 Market Street, Philadelphia. 



Standard Lead Works 

William L. Allen 



Mannfacttirer of 



Lead Pipe and Slieet Lead 



BLOCK XIX PIPE 



1037 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 



PIG AND BAR LEAD, BAR TIN, SOLDER, &c. 



yi 




COAL WHARVES AT I'ORT RICHMOND. 

On July 20, 1786, Jnu. Fitch pr(j])ellc-d a small skiff by steam, Imt it was not ven- siiccessftil, 
because of its limited size. The next year, however, on August 22, he moved a boat forty feet long by 
paddles, and in 1788 a steamboat ran from Philadelphia to Burlington, at the rate of four miles an hour. 
The following year the speed was doubled, and the boat made a mileage of nearly 3,000 miles during 
the season. Oliver Evans' stern-wheel boat was launched in 1804, and ran at the rate of sixteen miles 
an hour. This was followed in 1807-9 by the walking beam engine of Jno. C. Stephens, which ran 
between these points for four years, and in 181 7 the steamboat ^tna (owned by Jos. Bonaparte, ) ran on 
the route from Philadelphia to Baltimore, making six miles an hour against the tide. 

The first ocean steamship built was the side-wheeler Savannah, which sailed from Xew York 
March i, 1819, for Savannah which she reached in seven days. The steam was only used when 
becalmed, and when the wind was fliir the wheels were stowed away on deck to save fuel, which was 
wood. It is, therefore, seen that barely a century has elapsed since the application of steam to naviga- 
tion, and the enormous impetus given to commerce has increased correspondingly the requirements of 
our river. \'essels of nearly 700 feet length, 28 feet draft and over 10,000 tons burthen are now building, 
and a corresponding change is required in our terminal facilities that they may be handled with expedi- 
tion and safety. 

The possibilities of our waterways are apparently only fully appreciated by very few Americans, 
and the great economy of transportation in bulk by water is not utilized in this country as it is abroad. 
We have proliably relied too nuicli upon the munificence of our endowments by nature in our deep and 
broad ri\-ers and capacious lakes, and have not fulh- appreciated the intimate relations existing between 
land and water carriage. 

It is because of this close relation that Philadelphia was for so long a time the chief commercial 
city of the Western Hemisphere, as she was located at the point forthest inland which could be con- 
veniently reached by ocean vessels. But her glory departed when the Erie Canal placed the great 
northwest in t(mch with New York l)y water. Still, Philadelphia has latent adx'antages which only 
need to be realized by her enterprising citizens to bring her once more to the front as a connnercial 
centre, and these are on the eve of development. The rectification of her rivers by the Government has 
been in progress fijr several years, and already some of the north bars have been nuich improved by the 
construction of single dikes, while there is probably no river in the world where the aids to navigation 
are so abundant. Vessels may sail with perfect safety from the Capes to the port, for, as with the 
Israelites of old, there is the i)illar of fire to guide them b>- night and the cloud liy day, in the shajie of 
a continuous chain of range-lights so placed that the channels are covered at all times by a pencil of 
light or by beacons on range, while the dangerous points are indicated by red flashes or by buoys. 

Prior to 1S74, when the writer made the surve>- for the first range-lights to cross the Bulkhead 
Shoals, at and aliove Fort Delaware, there were but three liijht-houses on the ri\-er useful to deep draft 





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liKTWhHN lii:i. AWARE CAPKS IN A r.AT.K. 



vessels, but since then the system, as inaugurated by Gen. Reynolds, has been so rapidly extended that 
there are now over ten times that nu!nt)er in operation and no time need to be lost. 

The many scenic attractions of this route to the sea must be passed over for lack of sjjace, yet 
it must not be forgotten that abundant provision is made for the recreation so necessarv to the man who 
counts time by heart throbs : f(jr the woman who would s.^ek relief from the ceaseless toils of her daily 
routine, or for the child who needs the invigorating draught of ozone generated bv the magnificent 
steamers now pl>ing her waters. These excursion boats touch at all the jxiints of interest lietween 
Cape May and lioidentown, a distance of about one hundred and thirty miles. 

But aside from their local import these waterways possess a national and strategic \alue which 
our forefathers were not slow to recognize and use. The Delaware and Hudson Rivers are connected 
even yet by artificial routes at several ])oints, which are avenues of a large and cheap trafiic. The 
Delaware and Hudson Canal extends fiom Honesdale, I'a., near the mouth of Lackawaxen Creek, to 
Rondout Kill, on the Hudson River, a distance of one hundred and eight miles. The Morris Canal 
from Phillipsburg, opposite the mouth of the Lehigh River, to Jersey City, one hundred and two miles 
in length, and the Delaware and Raritan, from Bordentown, X. J., to New Brunswick, on the Raritan 
River, a distance of forty-four miles, while below the city and near the head of the bay, there is to be 
found the historic Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, extending for nearly fourteen miles acro.ss the 
peninsula separating these bays. This canal, of lo feet in depth, was opened for use in 1S29, and was 
an herctilean task at that date. Its capacity is now far too limited and its enlargement to the dimensions 
of a ship canal is seriously proposed. This, together with the route across New Jersey on a shorter 
line, would constitute an improvement of great commercial and strategic value, by forming an inner line 
of water communications for our new naval armament, and render the four hundred miles of our 
coast line containing the densest part of our population and the greatest wealth almost impregnable. 

The discovery of "stone" (anthracite) coal in Pennsylvania in 1792 was of no commercial 
importance until the interior waterways were constructed (in 1820-30) to bring it to market, and then it 
was that Philadelphia began the great manufacturing career which has placed her in the\-an of American 
cities. This system of canals comprises the Lehigh and Schuylkill Navigations, the Schuvlkill and 
Susquehanna, the PennsyUania Canals and the L'nion Canal, which, during the existence of the old 
Portage Railroad rendered it possible to ship by canal-boat from tide-water to Lake Erie and points 
farther west. Some of these canals are still doing a large and profitable business, while others have 
been purcnased by railroads and abandoned to destroj' their competition. 



WHETSTONE & COMPANY 

Qii Filbert Street, Philadelphia 

^W^rought Iron Pipe 

FOR QAS. STEAM AND WATER. FITTINGS 

PLUMBERS' AND STEAH FITTERS' BRASS WORK, TOOLS, ETC. 

Telephone No. 3703 nrmr 

P^^i 505 CHEF^Ry* §TF\EEJ 




A RANGE SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO THE 
PLUMBING TRADE 

The Fidelity Range 




4.8 KINDS AND STYLES 

THESE RANGES SUPPLIED WITH 



SHEET FLUES 



CAST MANTELS 



ECLIPSE COVERS 



END DRAFT 



FRONT CLEAN-OUTS 
j; ETC, ETC. 



WE ALSO MANUTACTURE THE CELEBRATED 

"Paragon Furnaces" and Combination Heaters 

SEND FOR CATALOGUE OF THESE GOODS 

ISAAC A. SHEPPARD k CO. 

PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE 



COLUniBUS SUPPLY CD. 

F. M. ABBOTT, Proprietor 

Iron Pipe and Fittings 

Steam, Gas | Plambing Goods 

ENGINEERS' and MILL SUPPLIES. BELTING and HOSE 

COLUMBUS, OHIO 

We want customers not Individual Orders 

Our rian is — To fill Orders correctly 
anil promptly, and to carry only 
High Grade C.oods. 

Then we make our price as low as 
these conditions will permit. 

Dayton Supply Co. 



Manufacturers and Dealers in 



Plumbers' Gas and Steam Fitters' Supplies 

DAYTON, OHIO 



95 





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The Lehigli Canal, extending from Matich Chunk to the Delaware River at Hasten, forty-six and 
three-quarter miles, was opened in July, 1S29, to convey coal from the quarry at Summit Hill, where a 
vein 25 feet thick covered the mountain, to tide-water. 

The Schuylkill Canal, between Fainnount and Mount Carbon, one luindred and eight miles, was 
opened for use in 1S25 and for many years delivered fuel in Philadelphia for eitjhtv cents a ton frei.o-ht, 
hut it has been leased for some years by the Reading Railroad Company, and the rates are about Jlr.oo 
liigher, while the canal does very little business. 

The Union Canal, connecting the Sus(|uehanna River at Middletown willi the Schuylkill two 
miles below Reading, was eighty-two miles long and cost about S2,ooo,o<x), but its dimensions and lioats 
were so small that it is no longer an imj)ortant factor in the transjiortation problem. 



Philadelphia Ship Building. 




By Henry \V. Cramp. 









Ship building has been a prime industry of Philadelphia since the foundation of 
the city. During the colonial jieriod no adefjuate records were kept, but from 
tradition and from pri\-ate documents it is known that Penn himself began to 
promote ship building within a few years after his settlement here. Of course, the 
earlier construction was not important, though it is known that vessels large' 
enough for the coasting and West India trades were Imilt within tlie present water 
front of the city during the first (piarter of the eigliteenth century. Tradition places the locality of the 
first ship 3-ard in the vicinity of the iHcsent foot of South Street. However, as a topic of general 
modern interest, ship building in Philadelphia may be dated at the close of the War of Independence. 
That war had left the colonies entirely destitute of shipping. 

It is worth while to remark, as a tribute to the sturdy patriotism of the b'irst Congress, that with 
every tenqitation to buy ships abroad, with domestic ship building paralyzed and with commeice 
languishing for want of vessels, the third act ;q)in-oved by President Washington prohibited the registry 
of foreign built vessels; and this act, as amended and enlarged Decend^er 31, 1792, now forms the basis 
of the navigation laws of the United Slates. During the period between the practical end of the Revo- 
lutionary War and the assembling of the first Federal Congress, that is to say, from 1781 to 1790, the 
Defense Acts of the Continental Congress remained in effect, and these permitted registry of foreign 
built ships only when condemned as prizes of war. The records for that period are imperfect, Imt they 
show the construction of at least 162 vessels in Philadelphia ship yards, aggregating iS.ooo tons register, 
or an average of about 1 10 tons. Excepting the '■ .\lliance," a frigate presented to the King of France 
in 1784, which was of 732 tons, no ship larger than 300 tons was built at Philadelphia prior to 1790. 

From 1790 till the outbreak of the war of 1S12, Philadelphia easily led the country in ship 
building, particularly in regard to the size and quality of the ships built. During those times even the 
whalemen of New Bedford and Nantucket, with New England ship yards alongside their own wharves, 
often came to Philadelphia to get their ships built. The ship building supremacy of Philadelphia at 
this time was due partly to the excellent quality and great quantity of timber in the region tributan,' to 
her, and partly to the skill and aptitude which her shipwrights had inherited from the colonial times. 

It was ditring this period also that Philadelphia inaugurated the era of steam navigation, by 
building for John Fitch the first American steamboat, which, in 1790, began regular trips between this 
city and Trenton, taking a day for it each way. A chronicler of that time says that " the boat is a 



97 




ii;i*-- iWj*^ 



pleasaiiter vehicle than the mail coach, 
l)ecause of its freedom from jolt and 
jar, bnt it is not so expeditious." A 
second steamboat was launched in 
1 79 1, about at the present foot of 
Palmer Street, but when nearly com- 
pleted was driven from its moorings 
Ijy a storm and wrecked on Petty's 
Island. This liankrnpted Fitch and 
his backers, and steam navigation on 
the Delaware languished for several 
years. However, the name of Fitch's 
boat, the " Perseverance," lived after 
_ her and lias become the motto of 

Philadelphia ship builders. 
In iSoc) another steamlioat line was established to run between Philadelphia and Trenton. This 
was successful, and steam navigation on the Delaware has since been uninterrupted. This incident is 
mentioned here in its chronological order as part of the ship Iniilding history of the city, but, of course, 
it was many years before steam shipping began to cut any important figure in the sum total of output. 
The first decade of the present century emphasized the supremacy of Philadelphia in naval 
architecture. Baltimore, Boston and New York, in the order named, struggled along during this 
period, but far in the rear; so much so that Philadelphia constantly built East Indiamen for Boston 
merchants, Atlantic packets for the New Yorkers, and coasters and coflFe-i ships for the Baltimore trade, 
taking the cream of ship building orders away from the ship yards of those ports by simple dint of 
superior skill and economy. One Philadelphia ship, the " Rebecca Sims," of 500 tons, built at Ken- 
sington in iSoi, made about 100 Atlantic passages between that date and 1823, and then, being sold to 
a New Bedford firm for whaling service, made eleven round-the-world sperm and right-whaling voyages, 
until 1862, when she was liought by the United States and used as a coaling ship for the blockading 
squadron off Charleston in 1862. After some ser\-ice in this capacity the good old ship was scuttled 
and sunk in Morris Island Channel to close it against blockade runners. The quality of the " Rebecca 
Sims" as a sam])le of Philadelphia ship building may be inferred from the fact that, in May, 1807, she 
left the Capes of the Delaware, and in fourt«een days hauled up to her wharf, at Liverpool, "without 
once shivering lier topsails," as sailors say. That was eighty-six 3'ears ago, but the old " Rebecca Sims " 
still holds the sailing record between Cape Henlopen and the Mersey, and probably will hold it forever. 
In a paper of more extensive scope than this one it would be a pleasant task to recall in some 
detail the glories of Philadelphia ship building during this period, but the conditions of space forbid 
it here. 

After the war of 1S12, ensued a long period of depression in all trades and industries, which the 
ship yards of Philadelphia sliared, though the enterprise of her builders found some relief in the con- 
struction of a very consideralile tonnage for foreign account. 

This embraced both merchant shi])S and men-of-war, and included one line-of-battle ship, which 
was sold, in 1826, to the limperor Nicholas, of Russia. At this time the depletion of forests in Cireat 
Britain began to tell on ship building in that country, and in 1830 two Philadelphia ships, original!)' built 
for the China trade, of 1,800 and 1,540 tons respectively, were purchased by the English East India 
Company. This raised a great fuss in lingland, and resulted in action by the Board of Trade which 
efTectually closed the British market to American built ships, the Briti.sh authorities resolutely insisting 
that their merchants must have their ships built in lingland, e\'en though they had to import almost 
e\'f"ry foot of timber used in their construction. 

What may fairly be termed the modern epoch of Philadelphia ship building began aliout 1830. 
Her supremacy in all the arts pertaining to naval architecture had by that time become so well escab- 
lished, and so universally admitted, even by cities which had hitherto pretended to some sort of rivalry, 
that the question of the future was simply that of holding her own. 



98 




L". S. S. " NEW AKK 



In discussion of the events of this epoch I tntst I may 
be jK-rmitted, without charge of undue famih^ pride, but simply 
for the purpose of conserving the exactitude of history, to say 
that from 1830 to the present time the name of my grandfather, 
the late William Cramp, is inseparably identified with the annals 
of ship building in Philadelphia, and thereby maintains a repre- 
sentative attitude in relation to the industry. When he founded, 
in 1830, the industry which has now grown to the colossal 
establishment currently known as "Cramp's Ship Yard," there 
were no less than fourteen ship building concerns in operation 
between drt-cnwich Point and Gunner's Kmi, and at the start 
many of them were more extensive and important than his. Hut with two exceptions, namely : 
Neafie cS: Levy and the Charles Hillman Comjiany, both excellent establishments though not on a 
large scale as things are reckoned now, the ship yard of William Cramp has survi\'ed them all. This 
fact, however, is due quite as much to the changed conditions of the industr\-, which imperati\'ely 
require concentration of capital, plant and organization as to the enterprise and perseverance of William 
Cramp and his descendants. 

A\'hen the great transition came from wood to iron and from canvas to steam, the old ship vards 
succumbed one liy one until, alxjut 1S70, William Cramp and his sons found that the task of perpetu- 
ating the ship l>uilding supremacy of Philadelphia, in the new era, practically de\'olved upon them. 
How they performed this task, and how deep and broad they laid the foundations of the ship yard that 
bears their name, such shi])S as the New York, Columbia and Indiana and the new .\tlantic Liners mav 
testif)'. In the sixty-three years of its existence this ship yard has given to commerce and to the 
public service 2(iy ships, and now has 13 more in various stages of construction ; and in the twenty- 
three j'ears that have elapsed since the incorporating of a marine engine plant with the ship yard 141 
engines of every description and capacity, up to about 10,000 indicated horse-power, ha\'e been its 
output. 

The tendency to augment the size and j)ower of steamships has now doubtless approached the 
maximum of commercial practicability, but it has already reacheil a stage at which the small shi]i yard, 
except for sjjccial construction such as tugs, yachts and river craft, is necessarily a thing of the past. 




99 



Standard Manufacturing Co. 




r ' 



B£GOOD 



/W wiLL^^^ dnd 5[o|d [ellins t)eof)Ie 
^hov\ to ofBer fellows Tub being 
Jvb\ d5 good d!> d STANDARD 



Secret Societies. 




By Hon-. Richard Vaux and others 






Free Masonry is the most ancient of all hnnmn institution?, makes its own laws, 
maintains them and defends its principles and traditions, never permitting any inter- 
ference with its power and authority. There are 3S9 lodges of Free and Accepted 
Ancient York Masons in the Masonic Jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- 
vania. There are also 119 Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, and 7! Commanderies 
of Knights Templar, 32 societies of various kinds tinder title of "Scottish Right," 
f " Red Cross of Constantine " and " Nobles of the Mystic Shrine " also exist. It must 
be observed that it is only the lodges of Free and Accepted Masons that are Masonic 
lodies. The C.rand Lodge of Pennsylvania does not recognize as Masonic any but 
those will) are in the lodges of the symbolic degrees which the Blue Lodges represent. 
While it is ])elieved that in some, at least, of the other societies named free 
masons only can be made members, yet the\' are not in any way recognized br the 
( '.rand Lodge as Masonic. Obviously this is not the place in which to explain the 
iL-asons which govern the relations between these bodies and the Masonic Grand Lodge 
cf Pennsylvania. The unalterable regulations of the Grand Lodge forbids the recog- 
nition as Masonic of any societies that are independent organizations, created without 
its aiithority. 
The membership of the order in the jurisdiction of I'ennsylvania is 46,200, and in the City of 

Philadelphia is 13,000. The number of properly organized bodies of PVee and Accepted Masons is as 

follows: 61 Plue Lodges, 12 Chapters, 7 Commanderies, i Consistor,-, 3 Mark Lodges, i Council, 6 

School lileetings, and i ^'eteran Association. All of these, except five lodges which meet at Richmond 

Temple, Kensington, hold their sessions at the Masonic Temple. This magnificent edifice stands at the 

northeast corner of Proad and Filbert Streets, opposite the City Hall. It is the most costly and complete 

building for the purposes of any secret order upon the continent. It was commenced in 1S68 and 

completed five years later, the total outlay being $1,700,000. It contains ten rooms for lodge 

purposes, namely, the Ionic, I'lgypt'i'ii, Xorman, Renr'.issance, Corinthian, Oriental, Gothic 

assembly room and the northwest 

and southwest towers. These 

apartments are richU' decorated 

and furnished in cppropriate styles. 

The Masonic Temple is open to the 

general pulilic between the hours of 

10 A. :\i. and 2 v. M. Thursdays, 

except upon holidays or in bad 

•weather. The patriotic attitude of 

Philadelphia during the days of the 

War of 1861-65, expressed in the 

large number of organizations 

recruited and sent from this city 

to the scene of conflict, in the 

great Sanitary Fair held in vast 

temporary structures erected in 

Logan Square, in the Cooper Shop 

Refreshment Saloon, where tens of 

thousands of soldiers in transit ^B 



HGYPTI/lN room, masonic iJCMPta. 




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MASONIC TEMPI,E. 



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^■^■'.■^^^^C:\^. 







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t■^■ly,f/fey^^agfeM>^j^ 




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Ill i; \ K\V TEM I' Lie. 

UitoM) AM) ('ni:i;i!Y Strkets. rHii,\i)i;i,i'inA. 

)J(i feet on Bruad St. ; 1711 feet on Cherry .St. 



were given hearty meals, often served by ladies of leading- families, and in the unremitting;' effort 
of all classes to mitigate the liorrors of the campaign and hospital have endeared our people to the 
whole country, and it is natural tlial in such a comnuuiity the soldier order of the Grand Army of 
the Republic should flourish and attain a degree of success not elsewhere surpassed. There are now 
thirty-six posts in existence in Philadelphia, having a total membership of about 9,000, and embracing 
a large number of our most eminent citizens in every field of effort. Fraternity, charity and loyalty 
are constantly exemplified in the work of the order, whicli embraces the care of needy veterans 
and of those dependent upon them, the annual decoration of the graves of all soldiers of the war to 
be found in city cemeteries, and in maintaining the love of country and of the flag. 

The original posts of this department are Genl. George G. Meade Post i. and Post 2, both of 
which were chartered in October, 1S66. Posts 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, r2, i.S and n} were chartered before the 
close of the same year, and Posts 27, 46, 5c and 71 were chartered in 1S67. The city posts since 
organized are Nos. 11, 14, 15, 21, 24, 35, 55, 56, 63, 77, 80, 94, 103, 114, 115, i6o, 191, 228, 27,5, 312, 
3?i4< 363 and 400. Many of the posts own a considerable amount of property in addition to valuable 
relics of the conflict. The most notable post hall is the fine home of Post 2, upon Twelfth Street 
above Wallace, which is open to comrades and visitors daily. Naval Post and Meade Post also liave 
elaborate meeting rooms, which are much visited. 

The Department Headquarters of Pennsylvania are located at 1025 Arch Street, where visiting 
comrades are always heartily welcomed. They are soon to be removed to Fifth and Chestnut Streets. 

As an outcome of the patriotic sentiment that dominates the G. A. R., the Sons of Veterans are 
organized in this city to an extent and perfection of excellence in discipline not attained elsewhere, 
the various camps participating in the services of Decoration Day, and in many ways working for the 
perpetuation of the flag and the I'nion of the States 

The Indejiendent Order of Odd Fellows has recently dedicated its magnificent new temple 
at Ihoad and Cherry Streets. The order is very strong and influential in this city. Tlie 
Order of United American Mechanics owns a large hall at h'onrth and George Streets, uptown, 
the National Headquarters being at 1341 Arch Street. The Jiuiior Order United American 
Mechanics has its office at Room ih, N. K. corner Seventh and Chestnut Streets. The Militarj- 
Order of the I, oval Legion includes many of our distinguished soldiers. A memorial building 
is to be erected as a home for the order. The present business headcjuarters are at 723 
Walnut Street. The hall of the Knights of Pythias is at 1027 Race Street. This popular and 
showy order makes a fine display upon occasions of great public parades. The Improved 
Order of Red Men has its oflice at 928 Race Street. 

Among the great number of secret orders existing in this city the following are all well known, 
and, in the aggregate, include a vast number of our citizens : Independent Order of Good Templars, 
Cadets of Temperance, American Protestant Association, Sous of Temperance, Sons of America, 
Ancient Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of (lood Fellows, Knights of the Golden Kagle, Artizans 
Order of Mutual Protection, Ancient Order United Workmen, Grand Senate of Sparta, Benevolent 
Protective Order of F^lks, American Legion of Honor, Knights of Honor, Ancient and Illustrious 
Order Knights of Malta, Order Sons of St. George, National British-American Association, Ancient 
Order Knights of the Mystic Chain, Knights of Labor, 814 N. Broad; Legion of the Red Cross, 
Pennsylvania Society of the Cinciimati, Order of the American Union, Knights of St. John and 
Malta and Royal Arcanum 



ti"^ 










105 



\. 




." "f '^ IP I 

r'rt r. F E ^ 




i-nossuPfiitsl 



P.P. 



aiSGEsrw&soNS 







• V'T&s^F- :.-i.3a&«..;?rs 




Baltimore Bell and Brass Works 

J. REGESTER & SONS 

Manufacturer?; of and Dealers in 

Stearp, V/atei* and PtUrpbei-S' S^PP^'SS 



^.i^^l,,. - J-.-i^AAV.., 














107 



Me 






Eijl w"t®rasaw£_ 






!5,T0GS TOWsTi Tmii: smmui*" 










:^~^t €Ofniurj fullctin. 







!THE PHILADELPHIA R^S^^-^ ^Mm 



Call. 



oMnnin) 










^IH^Isslla"™^^'''?' 







Philadelphia Journals and Journalists. 




Hv Charles H. Heustis, Editor T!ie /nrpiir^r. 



EDITOR McCLURK'S SANCTl'.M. 



The journals and jonrnalisls uf Philaclelplna have, from before the 

R(.n()hition, exerciswl a great influence in the affairs of the city, state 

and nation. In the crisis of political life, Philadelphia has been the 

source of public opinion, and the source of the money and the men 

that made the public o])inion of the city mighty in the nation. The 

power of the pen of Benjamin l''ranklin has been ably maintained by 

his successors in the journalistic life of the city, but in later times 

the power of the city's great journals has lieen exercised more 

impersonally. Nevertheless, behind the power of the great dailies 

with their tremendous circulation, the ])ublic descry the men who 

created their prosperity. 

The Xor/li .l»u-n'i,ni is distinguished as the oldest daily newspaper in the I'nited States, although 

the name has not been continuous. Its polished aggressive editor. Colonel Clayton McMichael, is also 

a graceful orator. He filled an imjiortant trust, Marshal of the District of Columbia, under the 

administration of I'residint Arllnu'. 

The J'hilctdclp/iia />ti/i<irir is, next to the Xoiili . I ii/rritaii , the oldest Philadelphia daily — the 
oldest under one title. It was the great war paper of the State, and divided honors with the New York 
Herald. On the 2d of March. i.S.S.S, it changed hands, and through the shrewdness and energy of 
James Elverson, under whose hands two weekly journals had already turned into gold, it entered into 
an era of new prosperity and popularity. It was the first i)aper to publish eight pages for one cent. 

The country at large recognizes T!ic P/iss as a monununt to the genius of Colonel John W. 
Forney. It is a stanch cliami)ion of American Protection, being owned by Calvin Wells, a Pennsylva- 
nia iron manufacturer, and edited to-day by an orator, di])lomatist and scholar, Charles limory Smith, 
Ex-Minister to Russia. 

The Timis is acknowledged to be one of the most beautiful typographical papers in the world, 
and that is the pride of I'rank McLaughlin. Its editor-in-chief, Col. A. K. McClure, wields a most 
incisive pen, is an orator of national distinction, and in one speech furnished to the Democratic party 
the biggest part of the campaign argument that elected President Cleveland. 

William M. Singerly, by the application of marvellous business sagacity to journalism, has 
reared The Record from almost nothing to a tower of strength. Few journals in the world excel it in 
point of circulation, and the Record Building is one of the architectural attractions of the city. 

The Public Ledger and its editor, the late George W. Childs, are names that have long spoken 
to the world iu themselves. Mr. Childs was counted among the greatest philanthropists. The recent 
change in the size, number of pages and other details of the Ledger attracted attention and comment 
all over the country. Upon the death of Mr. Childs the control of the Ledger passed into the hands of 
the Drexel family, which has always had a large financial interest in the j^roperty. 

The Evening Telegraph is one of the greatest evening journals in the land. Its editor, Charles 
E. Warburton, wields an incisive pen. A great feature of the Telegraph establishment is an obituary 
library, so kept up to date that a man of any note, in any part of the world, cannot die but an account 
of his life is ready for the printers. 

The Evening Bulletin divides the high jiriced journalistic field with the Telegraph. It has 
strong Republican principles, and under the guidance of Publisher McCully and Ivditor Perrine it is 
influential and successful. 

The Evening Star " dwells apart" from its contemporaries by the distinguishing lustre of its 
special correspondence. The personality of John Russell Young shines brightly in its pages. Mr. 
Young was formerly U. S. Minister to China, and was lately one of the ^'ice-Presidents of the Reading 
Railroad System. The Washington letters signed " S. M." are by James Rankin Young, also one of 

the proprietors. 

109 




WiSSAHICKON CKKEK, IVulll Ulu Dan 



I 




®Sfor^s^!v 



Play Ground, Girard College. 



The Evening Call is ;i comparatively new aspirant, and its proprietor, Mr. Robert S Davis, has 
made it a fireside companion in many homes. It follows a path of its own, and in this respect is 
somewhat uni(iue. It is always bright and newsy, and attracts a large patronage of intelligent readers. 
The venture has proven a success, and demonstrated the wisdom of its owner, who is also the inililishei 
of the widely read juvenile serial, dohioi Days, and the {>()])uiar Salntdav Xii^ht. 

The Ik 1)1, an afternoon paper with a Sunday edition, covers a large territory, and especially 
reaches tlie working classes, lion boys are seen in e\ery quarter of the city, antl when the Jtiiii wagons 
are drawn up iu line on Seventh Street, at the hour of pxiblication, they form an extended imicessiou. 
The III 1)1 has always been especially strong in its sporting department. 

The iWr.'i-, published in the afternoon, is a bright and spirited sheet, aiming at ni)\iUies. 

The Herald enjoys the distinction of being the only Democratic afternoon ijujicr. 

The large Oerman population demands German publications, the largest of which is the 
Demokral , a newspa])er of large circulation. The Hebrews ha\e a weekly. 

With the exception of the Ledger, all the daily morning papers publish large Sunday editions. 
There are several exclusively Sunday journals, among them 7'aggarl's Times, which long has V)een suc- 
cessful in this field ; the Transeript, ])ublished by W. M. Bunn, ex-Governor to Idaho ; the World, the 
Despaleh, the Republic and the Crapliie. The Catholics are ably rejuesonted by the Catholic Ti)))es 
Weekly. One of the most remarkable ])ublications in the world is the Liidia^ Jlo)))C Journal, a monthh' 
whose phenomenal growth is elsewhere described. 

Nearly all the trades and professions and religious denominatit)ns have their organs. Among the 
trade journals may be mentioned the Manii/aclurer, the A'eal lislate. Reeo>-d and Builders' Guide, the 
Carriage A/onllilv, the Con/eclio)icrs' Journal, etc. The long established /.egal lutclligcncer is the 
recognized authority upon court matters by the jurists of the entire State. 

A special publication of note regularly issued is the American Newspaper Annual, issued by 
the firm of N. W. Ayer & Son, of which the 14th issue has just appeared. It is a complete record of 
the journalism of the time. 

There are many interesting facts showing that Philadelphia has been in the lead in all the evolu- 
tions of the newspaper business. The third journal published in the American colonies was the 
Philadelphia Weekly Metcury, issued by Andrew Bradford, Decendier 22, 1719. 77;t' (>/// was the first 
peiniy paper in America. It was issued in 1830, by Christopher Columbus Conwell. Philadelphia also 
gave to the country the first religious weekly and the first trade journal. The oldest American l;iw 
journal is also Philadelphian, and the oldest medical journal, with one exception. Cliristopher Sauer 
here published the first Bible ever issued in America, and issued the first religious magazine of any 
description. From those times to the present, the city has led in the revolutions of journalism. What 
blessings of liberty have come to the people through the brave struggles of succeeding journalists since 
Andrew Bradford was ordered to be arrested by the IVnnsyh'ania Assembly for publishing an editorial 
on liberty, written l)y Franklin, and successfully ma.le a stand for the constitutional rigiit of freely 
writing and speaking to the people. A Philadelphia paper was the first that ever published the debates 
of the American Congress. Codey' s I.adv Book 
is mentioned among a great number of such 
journals because it was the first of its class in 
America, and because its pages introduced 
Taylor, Holmes, Field, Longfellow, Harriet 
Beecher Stowe, Marion Ilarland and other 
famous authors to the world. Edgar Allen 
Poe's poem, "The Bells," was written for and 
first appeared in a Philadelphia magazine. 
The Wo)nan's Adi-oeate was the first woman's 
paper, and was edited and printed here by 
"Aomeu. 




Our Theatres — Past and Present. 



Bv ('.. O. Shilhamkr, 'rhf fih/uirfr 



The dranui in America luul its beginning in Philadelphia, where a company 
t)f players was organized as early as 1749, and Philadelphia continued 
to hold the lead in theatrical development until the combination 
system made preliminary advertising an indispensable condition 
of stage production. Not only was the first theatrical com- 
jiany in America organized in Philadelphia — that 
under Murray and Keen, which appeared in New 
York as the Philadelphia Comedians in 1750 — 
l)Ut the first permanent playh<iuse in this countrx , 
known in theatrical history as the theatre in 
South wark, was built just outside of what were 
then the city limits in 1 766, and the first American 
tragedy e\-er produced — " The Prince of Partliia" 
— by Thomas Godfrey, the younger, was played 
in this house April 24, 1767. The Southwark 
Theatre, the original walls of which are still 
standing on South Street below Fifth, was used 
for theatrical purposes by the Old American 
Company at frequent intervals for a quarter of a 
century, and it occasionally housed other com- 
panies down to 1 82 1, when it was burned. 

Although David Douglass, under whose 
direction the Southwark Theatre was built, was 
the builder of a chain of theatres on the Atlantic 
Coast — the theatre on John Street, New ^'(lrk, i:; 
1767, the Annapolis Theatre in 1771, and the 
First Theatre, Charleston, in 1773 — there was 
in reality no temple worthy of the drama in 
America previous to the erection of the New 
Theatre, by W'ignell and Reinagle, 0.1 Chestnut Street, near Sixth, in 1792. The interior of this house 
was a perfect ct)py of the Theatre Royal, at Bath, then considered one of the handsomest theatres in 
iMigland. Mr. Wignell engaged a remarkable company of highest players, including Mr. Fennell, who 
had achieved considerable distinction as a tragedian in I^judon and FMinburgli ; Mr. Chalmers, who had 
been received with some favor at Covent Garden ; Mrs. Whitlock, a sister of Mrs. Siddons, and Mrs. Old- 
niixon, already famous in singing roles at Drury Lane and the Haymarket. With this force, which 
comprised fifty-six ]ieople in all, Mr. Wignell arrived in the Delaware in August, 1793, but the _\eIlow 
le\'er was epidemic at that time, and the company in consequence was sent to Annapolis, the opening 
of the New Theatre being delayed initil February 17, 1794. This company remained practically 
unbiokcn until 1797, when Mrs. Merry, who, as Miss Brunton, had been a great fa\'orite at Cox'ent 
Garden, wiis engaged to replace Mrs. Whitlock, together with John Bernard, also a Covent Garden 
fa\-orite, lor the leading parts in genteel comedy. Air. Wignell at the same time engaged a youn? actor 
ot some promise, William Warren, for comedy old men, but he was disappointetl in his young tragedian. 
Cooper, who soon quarreled with him and withdrew to New York. With slight modifications the 
organization remained unchanged until Wignell's death in iSov 

A few niontlis ])reA-ious to his demise Wignell hail married Mrs. Merry, the principal attraction 
of the theatre, wlio succeeded to his interest in the management. Mrs. Wignell subsequently sent 





Ai AriKMV or Misri . I!ni:i<l mihI I.mMist Sirwts. 

Warren to England for recruits, and soon after his return she married him. Mr. Warren thus became 
possessed of tlie pro])erty, and a year after his wife's death, in iSo.S, he disposed of a share in the theatre 
to William B. Wood, who, for a luimber of years, had been the acting manager. The firm of Warren 
& Wood thus formed in 1809 lasted until 1S26, when the partnership was dissolved. In the meantime 
the first Chestnut Street Theatre had been destroyed by fire in 1.S20 and rebuilt on the same site. The 
new house scarcely attained the artistic or financial success of its predecessor, and it passed through 
many managerial hands before it was finally abandoned jjrevious to the opening of the present Chestnut 
Street Theatre in i^f^T,. 

No city in America is better supplied to-day with .uooil theatres than Philadelphia. The regular 
places of amusement are as follows : 

REQUI.AR PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



Academy of Music, Broad and Locust Streets. 

Bijou Theatre, Eijjhtli Street above Race. 

Broad Street Theatre, Broad Street above Spruce. 

Chestnut Street Opera House, Chestnut Street above 

Tenth. 
Chestnut Street Theatre, Chestnut Street above Twelfth. 
Dime Museum, Ninth and Arch Streets. 
Eleveuth Street (Carncross') Opera House, Eleventh Street 

above Chestnut- 
Forepaugh's Theatre, Eighth Street below Vine. 
Germania Theatre, Third Street below Green. 



<iilinorc's Auditorium, Walnut Street above Eighth. 
Girard .\ venue Theatre, Marshall Street and Girard Ave. 
Grand Opera House, Broad Street and Montgomery A\c. 
Lyceum Theatre, Vine Street below Eighth. 
National Theatre, Tenth and Callowhill Streets. 
Park Theatre, Broad Street and Fairmount Avenue. 
People's Theatre, Kensington Avenue and Cumberland 

Street. 
Standard Theatre, South Street below Twelfth. 
Walnut Street Theatre, Ninth and Walnut Streets. 



Note. — For further information see amusement columns of daily papers. 



"5 



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114 




Clubs in Philadelphia 



Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Clob. 







s?i 



The comparative scarcity of gorgeous club houses 
in the City of Philadelphia has its explanation in 
the fact that the home comforts of our citizens arc- 
far in advance of those in other cities, nevertheless, 
a large number of clubs of prominence, and having 
full membership lists exist among us, offering to 
the properly accredited stranger a warmth of hos- 
pitality not exceeded by similar institutions in any 
■^ comnuinitv in the land. 
The Philadelphian is naturally gregarious, this tendency finding an expression in the great 
membership to be accredited to the secret societies, the beneficial organizations, the numerous technical 
and scientific institutes, and \arious other bodies, more or less influential, not properly within the 
bounds and limitations of this chapter. 

Probably the foremost social club of this city is the time-honored 
Philadelphia, located at 'riiirteenlh and Walnut Streets, occu])ying an 
exceedingly plain brick building, but which, nevertheless, is spacious and 
suitable for the pnrjioses of the organization. It was originated in iS;,4, 
and is the leading and uKJSt exclusive of the strictly social clubs in the 
city. Other prosperous and successful social clubs are the Manufacturers', 
occupying a handsome and elegantl)' eipiipjied new building erected for it 
on Walnut Street, just west of Broad, a non-partisan organization, but, 
nevertheless, a potent fiictor in national elections, most of its members 
favoring the high tariff as a protection to American industries. It wieldeil 
a great influence in the presidential campaign (^f iS8S, and contrilmted 
largely to the election of President Harrison. '/'/it- ManKfaiiiuiy. jnib- 
lished in the interests of the club, is a successful journal, and is ably 
conducted. The Mercantile, composed entirely of Isratlites ; the Ritten- 
house, which is the junior ultra-swell social chili of the city, and is most 
pleasantly located on Walnut Street, opposite Rittenliouse Scpiare ; the 
Columbia, occupying an attractive new structure at Broad and OxAjrd 
Streets, its membership being principally composed of residents of the 
northern section of the city ; the Caledonia Club, composed of citizens of — 
Scottish antecedents; the Markhaiii, of 1405 Locust Street: and the 
Colonial Club, of Germantowii, an aristocratic and e.Kclusive social 
organization. 

The Union League, 
occupying its spacious and 
completely equipped building 
on Broad Street, half way 
between Chestnut and Walnut '^ 
Streets, is the foremost of the 
socio - political clubs. The 
building was erected for the 
organization and is used ex- 
clusively for club purposes, 

115 






tm^ 



'A:3maL^ 




14. 1 ■ T ^^' 




il/^ * 



THE co^,o^fIAL CLUB, germantown. 




MANDFACTCRKR.S CLOB. 




and is one of the most 
convenient and best 
appointed club liouses 
in the countr)'. The 
I'nion Leagne origi- 
nated (hiring tlie War 
of the RebeUion, and 
was founded In^ tliirty- 
eiglit gentlemen h')yal 
to the Union, who 
adopted the title of 
' ' The Ihiion Club," 
and held their first 
meeting on the 21st 
of November, 1862, 
during the darkest 

hours of the war. The 

meml)ers met at each thk mrrcantilk cf.ub. 

other's houses in turn for a while and then it was determined to enlarge its usefulness and influence, 
and permanent quarters were secured in February, 1S63, resulting eventually in the erection and 
occupancy of the present elei;ant and spaci(ju3 quarters. Hon. John Russell Young, now its Pres- 
ident, was the first Secretary of the original Union Club, from which the present organization sprang. 
vSince the close of the war the I^eague has n(jt taken a very active part in politics. It is still under the 
control of memliers holding to the sentiments of the founders, and though it always throws its influ- 
ence in favor of good candidates, it can hardly be considered a worknig political organization. 
Others of a political character deserving mention are the Union Republican Club, at Eleventh and 
Chestnut Streets ; The Young Republican Club, at Twelfth and Chestiuit Streets ; The Americus 
( nemocratic) Club, at Broad and Chestnut Streets; the Pennsylvania Club, at 1423 Walnut Street, 
and the Young Men's Democratic Battalion, at 109 South Broad Street. 

The literary element is strongly represented in the I'enn Cluli, located at 720 Locust Street, 
famous for its attentions to distinguished sojourners in the city, and to citizens who have, by some 
notable action, merited the gratitude and esteem of the conununity. The Pen and Pencil Club, on 
Walnut Street below Eleventh, is com[)oscd of acti\-e workers upon the k)cal newspapers, and a most 

enjoyable evening al- 
ways awaits its guests. 
The artistic organ- 
izations include the 
Art Club, occupying a 
beautiful structure 
upon Broad Street be- 
low Walnut ; the 
Sketch Club, probably 
the oldest organiza- 
tion of the kind in th.e 
t'nited States, having 
its Bohemian habitat 
at 201 South P)leventh 
Street. It includes the 
larger portion of the 
male art element in 
the city, and its he- 




THK COI,UMBI.\ CLUB 



MASTER PLUMBERS ^^" ^T" =^"d fppredate a good thing in the 

way of a Sanitary Syphon Jet Closet, and 
will notice by Cut shown below, that the firm making this —^m^^^ 



4( 



Century c 



ombination 



knows their wants, and what's more, can fill them at a reasonable cost, and give them an article that will be 
an advertisement for them every time they see one of these closets. 



The entire construction 
of this conil)ination is so 
simple, yet so handsome, 
that there is not a point that 
the manufacturers could im- 
prove upon. 



The working of the tank 
with the " C.cm " valve is 



• faultless 



The Seat... 



is made of extra heavy, 
durable stock, and is 
very massive looking. 
/t can't Warp or Split. 



There is a direct flnsh 
from the tank to the closet, 
and the force is such as to 
expel anything that is lodged 
in the closet bowl. 



It will pay you to write 
us for prices on this Com- 
bination, as well as on any 
other stock, such as Tanks, 
vSeats, etc. 




Every combination sol<l 
carries with it the guarantee 
of the manufacturers, that 
same must give entire satis- 
faction, and must surjiass any 
combination that vou have 
ever used. 



The closet is of a very 
handsome pattern of em- 
bossed WMrc, and gnaranteed 
against craznrc or any other 
defects. 



The natural supposition 
would be that such a closet 
would cost a great deal of 
money ; exactly the contrary. 
This is acknowledged to be 
the cheapest Syphon jet 
Combination ever put on 
the market that gives entire 
satisfaction. 



W'c also manufacture a 
most complete and fine line 
of. . . 

Tanks, Seats, 
Baih Rims and 
Flush and 
Supply Pipes 

and everything pertaining 
to Water Closets. 



FACTORY AND OFFICE "THE CENTURY" 

123-125-127-129 and 131 GeSt St. Manufactured bv 

LOUIS LIPP & COMPANY, Cincinnati, 0. 




UNION I^UAGUK. 





Y* In f^ ^ 

c r n_i 



f 





mm' 



t 



I »t 



» if "■ 





ART CLUB. 




ATHLETIC Cr.UB SCHIIVLKILI, NAVV. 



quently recurring in- 
formal receptions are 
much in vogue. 

The Sketch Chib 
has always exerted h 
marked and beneficial 
influence upon thepro- 
gressive art spirit of 
the city. 

The Musical or- 
ganizations include 
the Orpheus, the Man- 
user ipt Society, the 
Utopia and the Men- 
delssohn Clubs. The 
lovers of Chess have 
a strong chih. 

The Turf Club, 
at 44 South Broad St., 

and the Sparring and Fencing Club, at 36 South Sixteenth Street, are devoted to the purpo.ses indicated. 
The aristocratic Country Club, located in the vicinity of Fairmount Park, at Falls Road and City 
Line Avenue, is an objective point of the equally exclusive Coaching Club's members. 

In the matter of gustatory clubs, Philadelphia has a world-wide reputation. The ancient " State 
in Schuylkill ' ' is said to be the oldest club in tlie world. Its present home is ui)on the Delaware River, 
a few miles above the city. This venerable institution was founded in 1732, and guests as well as 
members assist in preparing and cooking the viands at the notable dinners held in the " Castle." The 
membership is limited to twentj^-five members, with a number of apprentices in addition. In olden daj's 
the club was located within the present confines of Fairmount Park, upon the Schuylkill River, and 
afterward, until a few years since, upon the same stream below Gray's Ferry. That unique coterie, the 
Clover Club, holds its monthly dinners at the Bellevue Hotel, members and guests usually assembling 
at five o'clock, v. n. Neither dignity, age nor rank secures for the guest at the Clover dinners 
inmiunity from the most merciless yet ever good-natured raillery, and a flaw in the armor of the stranger 

is (juickly found. The Five O'clock Club is conducted 
upon a similar plan, and also meets at the Bellevue. The 
Roast Beef and Skillet and Pan Clubs are composed of 
members of the Manufacturers' Club, and dine at the 
beautiful club house of the latter body. The Ishmaelites 
Club is made up of members of the Union League Club. 

The Rabbit Club, located near West Fairmount 
Park, has a quaint, old-style clubhouse, which members 
adopt as an objective point in suburban drives. It is 
an exclusive body of well-known citizens. Athletic and 
Cycling clubs are referred to in separate chapters. 

The professions are represented in the Engineers' 
Club and the Lawyers' Club, the Cliapter of Architects 
(see Architecture), in South Penii Square, opposite the 
City Hall ; tlie United Service Club, composed of officers 
of the nnlitary and naval service of the United States, 
upon Broad Street above Locust ; the Photographic 
Society, occupying a fine building adapted to purposes 
of exhibition upon Eighteenth Street below Market. The 
Physicians, Dentists and Instructors have their several 
organizations for both social and professional benefit. 




iig 



CALEDONIA CLUB. 



Our Comparative Mortality Rate. 



By WitUAM H. Ford, M. D., President of the Board of Health. 



In preparing the accompanying table of the mortality rate in fourteen cities of America and Europe, it 
was found necessary to base the calculations of the years 1880 and 1890 upon the census reports of 
population. The intervening years are based upon the estimated population. So far as Philadelphia is 
concerned we know that the record of deaths is correct. It will lie observed that our city is thus shown 
to be one of the healthiest large conununities in the world. It will also be seen that the fluctuation in 
the different years has been comparatively slight, showing that under all circumstances the health of tlie 
citv is more or less uniformly good. The estimated population and calculated death rate of all other 
cities is taken from their own reports and made according to their own methods. The work of compila- 
tion thus presented has been done by Mr. J. V. P. Turner, Chief Registration Clerk of the Board of 
Health. 



CITIES. 



Philadelphia . . . 

New York 

Chicago 

Boston 

Baltimore 

Brooklyn 

New Orleans . . . 

St. Louis 

San Francisco . . 

Cincinnati 

Providence .... 
London .... | 

Paris 15 

Berlin | [ 



POPULATION 
CENSUS OF 

iSSo. 



846,980 
1,206,299 

503. 1S5 
362,839 

332.313 

566,663 

216,090 

350,51s 

233.959 

255.139 

104,857 

3,894,000 

2,269,000 

1,122,400 



Death Rate Per iooo of Population. 



1880 



20.91 

26.41 
20.79 
23-53 
24-33 
19-75 
26.02 
1S.09 



18.49 
19.S4 
21.6 

25-32 
29.6 



18S1 



22. 4S 
31.00 
25.60 
22.67 
22.37 
23.22 
29.26 
22.07 
23.09 
21. 7S 
19-56 

21-3 

24.6 
27.29 



1S82 



22.62 

29-5 
23.60 
21.91 
21.81 

23-07 
26.71 
19.06 
25-36 
24-54 
19.06 
21.5 

25-3 
25.92 



18S3 



22.13 

25-7 

19.92 

22.76 

22.93 

20.36 

33-50 

20.04 

22.S1 

21.12 

19-89 
20.88 

24-3 
28.92 



1884 I 1S85 I 886 



21-55 
25-7 



22.53 
25-4 



19.80 ! IS.76 

! 
22.48 24.04 

20.27 , 19.55 

20.15 21.18 



20.59 
25-8 
19-43 
23-17 



1887 I iSSS 



20.04 

26.2 

19.00 



21.85 

26.1 

20.27 

I 
25.18 I 24.57 

19.98 19.16 17.87 

21.04 22.02 22.04 



1889 



31-43 


28.50 


19.07 


18.07 


21.36 


21.00 


20.33 


18.37 


19.00 


18-33 


20.9 


20.4 


24.4 


234 


26.33 


24.38 



26.43 : 25.02 
20.6 '21.8 



22.18 
18.98 



17-63 
19-97 



19.62 , 21.50 



20.6 
29.4 



20.3 
22.5 



25.63 I 21.84 



25-41 
20.49 
18.63 
18.44 
21.30 

19-3 
21.9 
20.30 



19-74 

25-1 

17.48 

24.42 

17.40 

22.14 

23.92 

17.78 

20.06 

18.22 

19-36 

18.4 

23.0 

23-0 



1890 



20.76 

24.6 

18.22 

22.70 

22.41 

23-05 
28.50 

18.45 

28.50 

19.S1 

21.77 

21.4 

23-3 

21-53 



population' 

CENSUS of 

1890. 



1,046,964 

1.515. 301 

1,099,850 

448.477 
434.439 
806,343 
242,039 
460,367 
298,997 

296,908 

148,944 
4,229,056 
2.424.70s 

1 ,330,080 



1 89 1 

1892 

1893 
1894 

1 89 1 

1892 

189,^ 
1894 



POPULATION OF PHILADELPHIA. 



DEATH RATE PER 1,000 INHABITANTS. 



1,069,264 
1,092, 168 
1,115.562 
1. 1 39. 45 7 

. 21.85 
22.25 
21.20 
19.90 



Historical Buildings and Places. 



t5-r Jcwmn 3 
in Ihe 

COVDT >ARD- 




■rj.*<i'' 



The Quaker City, which has been the theatre of so much of 
great import in the early history of the colonies and the United 
States, and the home of so many distinguished men, is pecu- 
liarly rich in the possession of visible relics of the past. The 
chief of these is Independence Hall, from the southern windows 
of which the visitor looks out upon the ever beautiful square, 
its walks shaded with noble trees and its lawns well kept. 
This is the repository of numerous relics of the revolutionary 
era, among them being the Liberty Bell, and the heavy oaken 
frame upon which it formerly rested. The room in which the 
ordinance of the Declaration of Independence was passed and 
the document signed is preserved as nearly as possible with the 
original furniture in its original appearance. Two blocks below 
and leading away from Chestnut vStreet, is a small by-way 
leading to Carpenter's Hall, a quaint and modest building now 
nearly smothered by the vast modern structures about it. Here 
was assembled, nearly two years prior to the immortal event of July 4, 1776, the first Continental 
Congress. It is now maintained as a public relic by the Carpenter's company, and is often visited by 
strangers. The first American flag was made by Betty Ross, in a little tiuilding at 239 Arch Street, 
which is still standing. 

Old Christ's Church is located upon Second Street just north of Market, and is a fine example 
of colonial architecture. In point of interest it divides honors with old Swede's Church in Southward. 
(See chapter on churches.) 

Upon busy Arch Street just below Fifth, one may obser\'e an open space in the high brick wall 
guarding the cemetery of Christ's Church, through the railing of which is to be seen the grave of the 
great printer, philosopher and statesman, Benjamin Franklin. William Penn's house formerly standing 
in Letitia .Street, near Second and Chestnut Streets, is now located in Fairmount Park, just beyond the 
western end of Girard Avenue bridge. Several historic country houses are still carefully preserved 
in the Park. (See chapter on Parks.) Many buildings exist in the oldest portion of the city near the 
wharves of the Delaware, given over to the basest uses of trade which were once the princely mansions 
of well-to-do citizens. There are, too, many quiet court yards around which the windows of busy 
offices look down which have, perchance, seen many stirring episodes. In one of these, just off from 
Willing's Alley below Fourth Street, is the peaceful Catholic institution of St. Josephs, which many 
associate with the pathetic reunion of Evangeline and her lost lover Gabriel, when 

" On .1 Sahbatli morn, through the streets, deserted and silent, 
Wending; her cjuiet way, she entered the door of the ahnshousc," 
And " sweet ou the summer air was the odor of flowers in the garden." 




S. p. STAMBACH 



ROBERT LOVE 



STAMBACH & LOVE 



PL0MBER5' 

50PPL1E5 



AND 



SflNITflRY 

SPECIALTIES 




MANUFACTURERS OF 

SOflPSTONE 
LflONDRY TOBS 

SINKS . 

HERRTHS, Etc. 



50 and 52 North Seventh Street 



PHILADELPHIA 



'■rade mark 




Bellmrrk Pottery Co. 



A. C. OI.IPHAM'. Secretary 



.TRENTON, N.J. 



"Trenton^N.J- 



p. 0. Box 54r 

ENAMELED--^ 
PORCELAIN WARE 



SLOP SINKS 
KITCHEN SINKS 
WASH TRAYS 
LAUNDRY TUBS 
BATH TUBS 



ENAMELED BRICK 



r=»^]*^anufacturing Potters 

Sanitary Specialties Railroad Earthenware 

Druggists' Earthenware 

Works, on New York Ave. 




^ 




* 














CHRIST CHIKCH 




St. GEoKciE's Hall, Tliirteentl] ami Arcli Streets. 




United States Naval Asylum, Gray's Ferry Koad. 




l!i:o\i) Stiikkt Fi;i>ni' m I'.mhwin I.oc mmhtin i-: Wi.kk: 



Wh 



erem 



w 



e are 



First. 



The first Law School in America opened here in 179c. 

The first American Flag was made at No. 239 Arch Street. 

The first American \'oluuteer Fire Company was organized here in 1736. 

The IMint of the United States was established here in 1792, by Act of Congress. 

The first Coins made in the United States were struck at No. 29 North Seventh Street. 

The first Medical School in the United States was inaugurated in Philadelphia, in 1751. 

The first Paper Mill built in America was erected upon the Wissahickon Creek, in i6go. 

The first Pianoforte manufactured in the United States was made here by John Behrent, in 1775. 

The Mariners' Quadrant was invented by Thomas Godfrey, in Germantown, Philadelphia, in 1730. 

The Philadelphia Water-works, the first of the kind in the country, were commenced May 2, 1799. 

The first Hospital in connection with a university in the United States was opened in P'liladelphia. 

The first Public Librarj' in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin, in 1731. 

The theory that lightning and electricity were the same was demonstrated by Franklin, in 1752. 

The first American Expedition for Arctic exploration left Philadelphia, March 4, 1753. 

The first Vessel moved by steam was navigated at Philadelphia by John Fitch, July 20, 1786. 

The first School of Anatomy in America was opened here by Dr. William Shippen, in 1762. 

The first Pleasure Grounds for the people, laid out in America, were dedicated here in 16S1. 

The first Experimental Railroad Track laid down in the United States was put dovv-n in a yard 
adjoining the Bull's Head Tavern, Philadelphia, in September, 1809. 

The American Philosophical Institution, the first institution devoted to science in America, was 
founded in this city by Benjamin Franklin, in 1743. 

The first Lightning Rod used in the world was set up by Benjamin Franklin, at his dwelling- 
house on the southeast corner of Second and Race Streets, in September, 1752. 

J 25 



The "R-S" Flushing Rim Wash-out Closet Range 




Above Plate represents one of our Water Closet Ranges with 
Perforated Wash-down Pipe on front and back ot Range; Hardwood 
Seats, Cast Iron Partitions, and Automatic Mushing Tank. This 
style of Range Closet furnished either in Enameled or Painted Iron. 
Just the thing for all kinds of Public Buildings. Positive in action, 
requires little attention and guaranteed not to get out of order. We 
make a specialty of P^ine Sanitary Goods for the Plumbing trade, 
including Enameled Baths, Non-absor]:)ent China Water Closets, 
Marble Sinks, Showers, Laundry Tubs, Lavatories, etc. 

Plumbers and Architects desiring our new Catalogue, will 
please write for a copy. 

Rundle=Spence Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 




The Mint of the United States 
at Philadelphia. 



By O. C. Bosbyshell, Ex-Slperintendent. 



The Mint of the United States was established by the Act of April ?, 1792, and has 
the distinction of having been provided for in the first building erected for public 
purposes under the Federal Government. This building was erected on Seventh Street, 
near Arch. The corner-stone was laid by David Rittenhouse, July -^i, 1792. The 
superstructure was of plain brick. It was occupied in the October following, and the 
Structure continued in use for about forty years. 

By the Act of May, 1829, tlie present site was purchased, and the corner stone 
oi the new Viuilding was laid on the Fourth of July following. It is located at the 
corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets, with a front of 150 feet on Chestnut and of 204 
feet on Juniper Street. The structure is of white marble, of Grecian architecture, with 
two porticos, one on Chestnut Street and one on South Penn Square. It was finished 
and occupied in 1S33. As originally constructed the building was not fire-proof, liut 
has since been nuich altered interiorly and rendered practically fire-proof. 

I'Voni the organization of the Mint until 1S73 the Director of the Mint was 
located ni the Mint at Philadelphia, and was ciiarged with the supervision of the branch Mints and 
Assay Offices of the United States. By the Act of 1873 a Bureau of the Mint was created and located 
in the Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. The Director supervises the work of the Mint and 
Assay Offices, and the Coinage Mints, as well as the Assay Offices at New York, are by the same act 
administered by superintendents. The Mint has four operative officers : Assayer, Melter and Refiner, 
Coiner, and Engraver. All dies for the several branch mints are made at the Philadelphia Mint, and all 
minor coinage is also executed there. The Mint is open to the public from 9 a. m. to 1 2 noon of every 
working day, except during the annual settlement and while the machinery is shut down for repairs. 
The visitors are shown the processes from the fine bars to the coinage presses, and are attended by 
intelligent ushers, who give brief explanations of the various processes. The museum of rare coins 
and curios, together with a large and valuable collection of medals frotn all jiarts of the world, is one 
of the most interesting points. 

The Troy pou::d, which is the unit of weight in all of the Mints and Assay Offices of the United 
States, is kept in a strong vault at the Philadelphia Mint, and annually a commission is appointed by 
the President to conduct the annual assay and try the weights used in the Mints by the Troy pound 
standard. This weight is carefulh- insulated and preser\'ed against o.xidation. The treasure vaults and 



the ivhole Mint building are under constant guard day and night. The 
watch is noted on automatic registers every quarter hour. ^ 

The increased demands made upon tlie facilities of the Philadelphia ^p- 
much in excess of the space and machinery' at command, that the 
taken steps to erect a great permanent mint, which ^x^^^fe~i5s>, 

it is expected will be located upon Broad Street 
above Cherry, and will prove another notable addi- 
tion to local architecture. 






progress of the 

Mint became so 
government has 




Philadelphia in Finance. 




Bv Alfred N. Chandler. 



Financially speaking, no money centre in our whole continent possesses a richer, 
more interesting history, or more influential, magnificent and prosperous iiibtitu- 
tions than does the City of Philadelphia. It was here that Robert Morris origi- 
nated the Pennsylvania Bank in 1780, the first public bank of the United States, 
through which what little sound finance there was connected with our Revolution 
was conducted. This bank was discon'.inued in 1784. It was here that the same 
eminent financier organized the Bank of North America in 1781, which became 
tlie financial agent of the American Government, under the Articles of Confeder- 
atiun inmiediately after the close of the Revolution, and whicli, still flourishing, 
proudly bears to-day the title of the oldest extant bank in America. It was in 
tliis city that the first American Stock Ivxehange was instituted in the latter part 
of the last centur_v, where tlie stocks of tlie city banks, together with those of the 
neighboring turnpikes and canals, soon came to be as eagerly and as speculative!}- 
dealt in as are to-day " Reading" or "Traction" shares. It was here also that 
those two banks which became so noted in the world's history of finance, the 
"First" and "Second" Banks of the United States, were chartered by the 
National Government. These were the banks that, after the terrible financial 
crash of 1837, led in the movement fur the resumption of specie payments. 
It was from the members of this pioneer Stock Exchange that the Committee 
on Organization of the New York Stock Exchange was sent over from New York 
to Philadelphia, still in the good old stage coaching days of a century ago, for the purpose of inves- 
tigating the waj'S of stock exchange dealing, learned, e\'en better in the end than their preceptors, 
the arts and intricacies of manipulation of the stock market. It was, too, in Philadelphia that the 
Stock Exchange Clearing House methods were first put into actual practice in 187c, and which 
methods, after investigation twenty years later by committees of the Boston and New York Stock 
Exchanges, were approved and adopted by those exchanges. In a word it is to Pliiladelphia we must 
look to find not merely the political and commercial, but likewise the financial capital of tlie United 
States during the early history of the country. Nor is there any reason to doubt that it would have 
maintained its early ascendency but for the vast advantage given New York City by superior seaport 
facilities, and even more by the construction of the Erie Canal whicli diverted the whole trade of 
the great and growing northwest down the Hudson through that state's fine 
seaport; and yet curiously enough when in 1 78 1-2 tlie stock subscriptions 
for the building of what ultimately became the Erie and the Schuylkill 
Canals were thrown open, in New York and Philadelphia respectively, 
the stock of the latter was subscribed six times over almost immediately, 
while that of the former lagged badly and was not taken up for many 
months. Tiie building of the two canals, however, was completed at last, 
and marked the divergence which was thereafter to characterize tlie devel- 
opment of the two neighboring cities. Henceforth the grain of the West 
was to render New York the commercial, as the coal of the Alleghenies 
was to create in Philadelphia, the manufacturing capital of the Western 
Hemisphere. 

Nor in the second great crisis of our national life, has the country 
seen Philadelphia grudging of its financial support. Philadelphia bankers 
led the way in the movement to render all possible monetary aid to 
the Government at Washington in those first dark hours of 1S61, when 



12S 




'Original Building 
(^ tlie Bauk of Kurth America 




REPRESENTATIVES OF 

THE BRIDGEPORT BRASS CO. 

MIUUS AT BRIDGE PORT.CONN . 



[gg^^Sg^M AN SfLVER ,WlRE,RlVET S, 

,..sBrass& CopperTubeS: 




SONlE'rHING NEW 

Patent Water Closet Pull 

Fig. 1.— Temple's Patent Pull Fig, 3.— New Style, Showing Temple's Patent Pull 

This Tiill is NDiiu thing which riviml)crs have long wanted. It docs nwny with the old 
style, unsightly niul danRling Pnll. It niakts a neat ap|)carancu on Tile or Hardwood 
Wainscoting. ChiUlicn cannot interfere with it. I'nll cannot be lost or removed ; more 
dnrahle and satisfactory than any other kind of I'nll. and not liable to get out of order. 

In ordering, please state if yoii want Pnlls for plaster partition, or lor stone or brick 
\\ all. Price, inclnrling two nickel-plated plates as shown in cut. less pipe and chain, $2.00. 

Discount. 

J antes W. T^eniple 

ralenlcc and Sole Maiiufaclurcr 

1012 Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 

FOR S.M.l-: .\T I'l.l'lIBERS' Sri'I'I.V IIorSKS 



\ liiurc 




FROELICH BROTHERS 

PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES 

Sanitary Goods a Specialty 
WROUGHT IRON PIPE, FITTINGS AND TOOLS 



OF EVERY DESCRIPTION 



142 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia 



129 



the Federal Government, bereft of friends, seemed fated to fall a prey to treachery within its very 
cou.icil walls. And it is now a part of history's record that the man most instrumental in placing the 
nation's bonds abroad and at home was Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian. Curiously enough, too, it was 
reserved for Philadelphia capitalists to be the first to see and take advantage of the benefits proffered by 
the National Banking Law of 1863, with the result of the organization of the present First National 
Bank of Philadelphia, the first one in the country formed under the provisions of this law. Nor is it 
to be forgotten that it was largely Philadelphia capital which built tlie Northern Pacific Railroad, 
the first trans-continental railroad constructed by private capital. 

Furnishing the surrounding country, far and wide as it does, with so many of the necessaries of 
civilized existence, Philadelphia has come to enjoy the advantage of being one of the main centres 
towards which constantly flows the nation's ready money, nor is it to be wondered at that not only 
Philadelphia's manufactures, but its dollars should find their way back into neighboring towns or 
distant boroughs in the altered form of investment loans, and that, in no way more frequently or 
markedly than in the immense proportion of capital invested by Philadelphians in street railway 
systems, both at home and abroad. But the distinguishing feature of Philadelphia's financial life, at 
the present day, is its abundance of gjeat Trust Companies, legitimate successors of the old state 
banks, without the latter 's dangerous privileges, yet endowed with many more functions and governed 
far more conservatively and safely than were most of those antebellum institutions. Of the latter sort 
indeed there are very few now left in Pennsjdvania, 

It was at one time a standing complaint against these Trust Companies that they were run on too 
old-fashioned a plan, a fault gradually being now eliminated as the younger and more progressive 
element takes the place of its slower father. Two features distinguish these corporations again from the 
City's National Banks — since they pay interest on running deposits, and lend money for long periods 
mainly either on marketal)le collaterals or land mortgages. Their ability to lend, and at a very 
low rate of interest (in normal times about as low as anywhere in the world outside of London), is due, 
in large measure, to the custom of paying interest on deposits, which, as in Scotland, tends to concen- 
trate and make available the loanable capital of over a million people, in the aggregate many millions 
of dollars. One of the results of this system is the ability to furnish almost any amount of money 
at short notice, upon good collateral, at a rate of interest varying from 3 to 6 per cent. 

The acquisition of homes by the hundreds of thousands of workingmen of the city has been 
facilitated by another Philadelphia financial institution, the Building and Loan Associations, the 
influence of which upon the municipality's life and finance, can hardly be over-estimated, furnishing as 
these dwellings in large numbers do, direct or indirect opportunities for the secure investment of many 
millions of dollars every year. More recently, however, many of the Trust Companies have adopted 
tlie Building Associations' method of lending money, and these Associations are not as numerous as 
they once were. Another financial branch greatly aided by the presence of such a multitude of little 
homes is that of Lisurance. 

The Trust Companies are not alone in their use of the system of allowing interest on deposits 
Many of our private bankers employ the same metliod of securing large deposits which enables them 
to accommodate clients, or hold and float outside securities — the last being rendered all the easier by 
the great number of smaller investors living in and about Philadelphia and wishing to lay out their 
money at once safely and remuneratively. The presence of these it is (and in far greater measure 
than the tniinitiated would imagine) that makes Philadelphia so excellent a place for the floating of 
considerable l)locks of securities, as not only our Western and Southern but as our Eastern and 
Northern friends, too, are coming better and better to know and appreciate. 

But, to conclude, perhaps, the best epitome of the character of Philadelphia's financial life may be 
seen by looking back, to regard for a moment the course and bearing of its financial corporations — 
Banks, Trust Companies, Insurance institutions as well as g^eat manufacturing enterprises and commer- 
cial houses during the recent panic of 1893. It was, without doubt, nothing but the noble aid afforded 
at once by the banks to their patrons, and by depositors to their banks, that sustained the fabric of credit 
uushattered in this city, when banks and business houses, throughout the country, were tottering and 

130 



collapsing No banks and but few firms had to close their doors in Philadelphia, thanks to the superbly 
well prepared condition of the latter's financial corporations, and not less to the well merited trust 
reposed in these by all classes of the business community — surely the highest ol tributes to the 
fundamental soundness of Philadelphian finance. 



The following List comprises the Joint Stock Financial Companies of the City, the Names of 
the Officers and Directors, and the unnouncements of many of these will be found upon 
the pages immediately following, or in our advertising space. 

BANKS 

f-^:.-i Surplus and ci,-,r« 

Established Ti... ^^^nzU ^'^^l^it^'' "p" 

17S1 Bank of North America ;?!, 000,000 51,613,723... fioo 

1876 Centennial National 300,000 233.335 i"° 

1865 Central National 750,000 1,702,721 100 

1887 Chestnut Street National 500,000 186,729 100 

1855 City National 400,000 517.729 5o 

1810 Commercial National S 10, 000 257,561 50 

1855 Consolidation National 300,000 266,012 30 

1858 Corn Kxchangc National 500,000 378.243 50 

1864 Eighth National 275,000 544.562 too 

1807 Fanners' and Mechanics' National 2,000,000 724.99' '00 

1863 First National 1,000,000 6So,oii 100 

1886 Fourth Street National 1,500,000 1,094,410 100 

1832 Girard National 1,000,000 1,308,727 40 

1883 Independence National 500.000 226,363 100 

1826 Kensington National 250,000 267,210 50 

1833 Manufacturers' National 750,000 208,721 100 

Mauayunk National 200,000 166,997 100 

1857 Market Street National 600,000 217,248 100 

Merchants' Exchange 100,000 

1S14 Mechanics' National Soo.ooo >9i.275 100 

1880 Merchants' National l,ooo,o<x) 264,228 ico 

1844 National Bank of Commerce 250,003 85,359 50 

1814 National Bank of (iermanlowii 200,000 358,718 50 

1814 National Bank of Northern Liberties 500,000 752,399 50 

1865 National Bank of the Republic 5(X),ooo 3 '4, '47 'oo 

1870 National Security 250,000 179.634 'oo 

1885 Ninth National 300,000 177.042 too 

1890 Northern National 200,000 5'.29S 100 

1886 Northwestern National 200.000 123.425 too 

1828 Penu National 500.000. 480,546 50 

1870 People's 150,000 100 

1804 Philadelphia National 1,500,000 1,149,110 100 

1889 Quaker City National 500,000 105,235 100 

1825 Southwark National 250,000 i4' .350 50 

1856 Southwestern National 200,000 53.290 • • 

1864 Second National 280,000 190,523 100 

1864 Seventh National 250,000 56.064 loc 

1864 Sixth National 150,000 198,132 'oo 

1886 Tenth National 200,000 59,002 100 

1864 Third National 600,000 68,403 100 

1S46 Tradesmens National 600,000 627,337 50 

1858 Union National 500,000 429,950 50 

1832 Western National 400,000 307,740 50 

1869 West Philadelphia 100,000 100 

131 



TRUST COMPANIES 



Capital 



Surplus and 

Undivided 

Profits 



Shares 
Par 



K»tablished Title 

fronts 

i386 . . . American Trust, Loan and Guarantee Inv. Co f 250 ooo $25.487 f5o J45 

1888 . . . Chestnut Street Trust and Saving Fund 500,000 77.171 50 25 

18S9 . . . Citizens' Trust and Surety 250,000 27,902 25 12>^ 

18S6 . . . City Trust, S. D. and Surety Co. of Phila 500,000 266,000 100 

1886 . . . Columbia Avenue S. F., S. D. and Trust 400,000 95.570 100 

18S6 . . . Commonwealth Title Insurance 500,000 289,636 50 

1889 ... Equitable Trust Co 1,000,000 121,126 100 50 

1866 . . . Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Co 2,000,000 2,634,330 100 

1S8S . .. Finance Co. of Pennsylvania 5,000,000 1,329,378 100 

1888 . . . Frankford Real Estate and Safe Deposit 50,000 5,515 50 

1886 , . . German-American Title and Trust Co 500,000 104,158 50 

1S89 . . . Gerniantown Real Estate, Deposit and Trust 300,000 35. §43 100 

1836 . . . Girard Life and Trust 1,000,000 2,342,308 100 

1S73 . . . Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Co 1,000,000 902,744 100 

1889 . . . Industrial Trust, Title and Surety 350,000 92.555 

1887 ... Integrity Title and Safe;jDeposit 375iOoo 104,244 50 

1885 . .. Land Title and Trust 1,000,000 144.649 1°° 

1S89 .. . Manayunk Trust 250,000 14,686 25 12]4 

1SS9 . . . Merchants Trust 500,000 56.231- 25 I2>^ 

1886 . . . Mortgage Trust of Pennsylvania 500,000 260,502 

1S71 ... Northern Saving Fund, Safe Deposit and Trust 500,000 274,451 50 

1812 . . . Penna. Co. for Ins. on Lives and Grtg. Annuities 2,000,000 2,281,019 100 

. . . Pennsylvania Warehouse and Safe Deposit 500,000 

18S6 ... Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Co 957. 250 258,754 100 

1869 . . . Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance 1,000,000 2,215,371 100 

iS'15 ... Provident Life and Trust Co 1,000,000 2,059,704 100 

1870 . . . Real Estate Investment Co. of Philadelphia 374.493 5 4'^ 

1876 ... Real Estate Title Insurance 1,000,000 17^,559 100 

1885 . . . Real Estate Trust 500,000 171.404 5° 

1889 . . . Security Trust 500,000 

1886 . . . Solicitors Loan and Trust Co 500,000 297,086 50 

1892 . . . Tacony Saving Fund and Trust 150,000 2,502. 100 85 

1890 . . . Tradesmens Trust and Saving Fund 125,000 36,523 50 25 

1889 . . . Trust Co. of North America 1,000,000 110,927 25 I2>^ 

1868 . . . United Security Life Ins. and Trust Co. of Pa 1,000,000 361,659 100 

1882 ... Union Trust 1,000,000 106,848 100 

1891 . . . West End Trust and Safe Deposit 300,000 39.357 5° 

1889 .. . West Philadelphia Title and Trust 250,000 45.695 



AOQREQATE BANKING CAPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA AND PENNSYLVANIA. 

'^9.5 Institutions Capital Surplus Deposits Dividends 

Philadelphia 90 153.539 729 f4i.557.998 $242,293,597 $2,289,458 

Pennsylvania t 544 64,536,052 38,598,901 189,634,004 3,892,770 

Total 634 $118,075,781 $80,156,899 $431,927,601 $6,182,228 

* Full paid except when otherwise noted, t Outside of Philadelphia. 



132 



Sports of All Sorts. 



By Horace S. Fogel, Sportiniv F,i>ttor PuOlic Ledger. 




Philadelphia has lately become an important factor in the world of athletics ; with nineteen regularly 
organized clubs, with an aggregate membership of 7,500, and club property worth $250,000, she is able 
to demand recognition on the field, track and water in every branch of sport. The history of local 
athletics on a large scale, irrespecti\-e of rowing, dates back to June, 18.S0, when the Schuylkill Navy 
gave its first open games at the Young America Cricket Grounds, at Stenton. The success of this first 
venture, and the subsequent meeting given in Fairmount Park, in November, 18S1, led to the formation 
of what is now known as the Athletic Club Schuylkill Navy, which has risen to the proud distinction 
of being the leading athletic club in this city. John I'". Huneker may be justly called the father of the 
organization, as it was through liis proposition to form an atldetic club that at a subsequent meeting 
held August 19, 1S.S4, the A. C. S. N. was finallv launched. In November, 1SS4, the new club pro- 
cared (juarters at 1913 Market Street, and after being substantially fitted up they were formally opened 
on Thanksgiving Eve of that. year. The phenomenal growth of the club led to the erection of the 
present imposing building at 1626-28 Arch Street. After some vicissitudes the club has been placed 

upon a fiiirl}- good 
footing financially, 
and with a member- 
ship of 1,200 e.xerts 
a great influence 
upon the athletic 
affairs of the com- 
munity. 

In athletics, par- 
ticularly in three 
branches, the organ- 
ization occupies a pos- 
ition pre-eminent in 
the athletic world, 
namely, boxing, wrest- 
ling and pole vault- 
ing; in the first- 
named through the 
efforts of the instiuc- 



UNUINH B.^RGE CLUB. 





QUAKER CITY BARGE CLUE 



tor, Professor Robert 
Colbert, such ama- 
teur experts with the 
gloves like William 
H. Horton, William 
H. Rocap and Harry 
Pritner were devel- 
oped . To Professor 
William H. Coupe 
belongs the credit of 
bringing to the front 
such famous wrestlers 
like Dr. J. K. Schell, 
Herman Wolff, Joseph 
B Reilly and George 
W. Hoskins. Physi- 
cal Director Frank 
Henderson prides 
himself upon the fact 
that during the past 
ten years he has developed quite a number of good runners and jumpers, not a few of whom have 
won local fame; but in W. S. Rodenbough the club has a pole vaulter who can defeat the world, 
he being the present world's record holder in this branch of sport. The club has always maintained 
a high standard in its athletic department, and in 1890 possessed a team of amateur boxers and. 
wrestlers who had not only won the championships of America twice in .succession, but stood ready 
and willing to uphold the athletic reputation of the Quaker City in these two branches of sport 
against the entire world. 

Among other local organizations that have accomplished considerable in amateur athletics may 
be mentioned the Athletic Department Y. M. C. A., Caledonian Club, National Swimming Club, 
American Athletic Association, Pennsylvania Railroad Athletic Association, Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroad Athletic Association, Bank Clerks' Athletic Association and the half-a-dozen or more German 
societies around town affiliated witli the American Turnerbund. 

ROWING. 

Philadelphia occupies the first place among the cities of this country in amateur rowing. Tlie 
Schuylkill Navy in organization, equipment, value of club property and natural advantages has no 
peer. It was formed early in the fifties, and in 1853 began its career as a racing organization. 
Through the courtesy of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, a plot of ground on the east bank of 
the Schuylkill, between the waterworks and Girard Avenue bridge, was set apart for the amateur 
oarsmen; here they began to build, and to-day twelve handsome club houses grace the river bank, 
adding much to the scenic effect of the Park in that vicinity. 

At present, with a membership of twelve clubs, owning over 300 boats, valued at $45,000, with 
club property valued considerably over $100,000, and an aggregate membership of 1,400, it is conceded 
to be the leading rowing organization of America. Eight-oared shell racing received its first impetus 
upon the waters of the Schuylkill. 

In sculling, double shell and four- 
oared shell rowing, individuals and crews 
from Philadelphia have frequently won the ••o^.^^^^ ^-c 

championship. The Vesper Club has car- 
ried off the honors in sculling with l{d\vin 
Hedley, George W. \'an \'Iiet, John Y. 
Parke and George W. Megowen, and at 




CIIAMrlON nOUBI.E. 




Established 185 
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Grates, Registers, Etc. 



Joseph S. Miller 

STEAM SLATE and 



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1208 AND 1210 Ridge Avenue 



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Wstibules, Bath Rooms, Hearths. Etc. 



-Philadelphia 



The Dececo Company 

Plimili Spiallies and PiumHeis' Supplies. 



Catalogue to the Trade on Application. 

427 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
12 High St., Newport, R. I. 



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175 Lake St., Chicago, III. 



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Cleveland, Ohio 




MANUIACTURERS OF 



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All our Stops are tested at 200 pounds. 



Thoroughly ground in. 



Hade of durable metal. 



The Smith & Egge Mfg. Co., Bridgeport, Conn. 

PLUMBERS' CHAIN, on Reels or in Boxes or in lengths, lor Basin, Bath Tub or Closet use. Eight 
Hooks, Split Links, Closet Pulls, Pipe Straps, Take=Ups, etc. "Sanitary Chain" does not kink or 
COLLECT DIRT, and keeps its shape. The best and cheapest chain in the market. Made only by the 

SMITH & EGGE MFG. CO. 



135 



New Suburban Sections. 




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(IPSAl, STRKKT, C.KRMANTllWN. 



the present time possesses the champion doiible scull crew of 
the world in George \V. \'an \'liet and George W. Megowen. 
In four-oared shell racing, the Fairmount Club quartette has 
for several years past, at least made the crack ciews of the 
United States and Canada take their wash. The Centennial 
Regatta, over tlie national course on the Schuylkill River in 
1876, had much to do with bringing Philadelpliia into prom- 
inence as a rowing centre, and since that time the Schuylkill 
Navy has worthily upheld the Quaker City's prestige in 
aquatic sport. 

The organizations composing the Schuylkill Navj- at 
this time are the A'esper Boat Club, Malta Boat Club, Phila- 
delphia Barge Club, Pennsylvania Barge Club, Crescent Boat 
Club, West Philadelphia Boat Club, lona Boat Club, Undine 
Barge Club, University Barge Club, College Boat Club, Quaker 
City Boat Club and Bachelors Barge Club. The Fairmount 
Rowing A.ssociaticn, located above the dam, and the American 
Rowing Association, below the dam, are not connected with 
the Schuylkill Xavy. The former came into notice in 1886, by winning the four-oared and 
oared shell championships of America. The Vesper Club won the eight-oared championship in 

YACHTING. 




^^ 



eight- 

1887. 



There are in the vicinity of Philadelphia five yacht clul)s : the Philadelphia, Corinthian, South- 
•wark, Shackamaxon and Cooper's Point. 

In the Philadelphia there are 125 members ; this number is continually increasing ; i schooner, 
16 sloops, 3 cutters, i yawl, 3 open cats and 13 steamers. The value of the club property at Tinicum 
Station is $25,000 ; that of the property in Philadelphia, $5,000, and the value of the yachts is placed 
at $300,000. 

The Corinthian Club has its staticm at Essington, adjoining that of the Philadelphia, and therein 
are 143 members. In the fleet there are schooners, 8 ; sloops, cutters and yawls, 27 : open boats, 8; 
steamers and launches, 15. The value of the schooners is estimated at $55,000 ; the sloops, cutters and 
yawls, $40,000 ; the open boats, $3,000, and the steamers, $375 000. The club property is estimated 
at $6,000. 

At Silver Lake, in the lower portion of the city, the Southwark Club has its headquarters. The 
fleet is made up mostly of " tuck-ups " and "duckers," small open craft peculiar to the Delaware. The 
club has over 200 members, and the club and boat property is estimated at $10,000. 

The Shackamaxon Club is akin to the Southwark in the character of its craft It has 108 mem- 
bers, and 30 boats valued at $6,000. 

The Cooper's Point Club, with headquarters at Camden, has 60 members, 11 sloops, 31 open 
boats and 2 launches. The club and yacht property is valued at $12,000. 




BASE BALL. 

If Philadelphia is not the base ball centre of the world, it is at least the 
home of base ball players. The Quaker City has furnished more good talent for 
America's national game than all the other leading cities combined. During the 
past ten or twelve years every major league club had on its team from one to half 
a dozen players born, raised and developed in this city, while the minor league 
teams throughout the country were made up principally of Philadelphians. 

For ten years, during the period in which the National League and 
American Association were rival organizations, Philadelphia was the only city 
that would support two major league clubs, and for that reason, if for no other, 
earned the title of best base ball city in the world. Not only did Philadelphia 

137 



liberally- support two big professional cln1)s, but the statistics show that tlie games in fuis city attracted 
larger crowds than those played in any of tlie other cities. 

Philadelphia could always boast of having more amateur clubs than any other half a dozen cities 
combined. During the past ten years the average number of amateur organizations in this city was 
about 200 each year. 

In the matter of grounds, Philadelphia can boast of having the best ball park in the world. The 
grounds of the Philadelphia Ball Club, at Broad and Huntingdon Streets, are a model after which 
other clubs have been copying, but none have as large and imposing a grand stand, and as fine appoint- 
ment.s. It is claimed that the pavilion, stands, fences, etc., at this ground alone cost $80,000 to erect. 




GROUNDS OF THH GHRMANTOWN CRICKET Cl.l H, .MANHEIM. PHIL.^DEI.PHIA. 

CKICKKT. 

Philadelphia is the home of cricket in America. No other liranch of sport is so popular with 
Philadelphia's Four Hundred as England's national game, and every important match invariably 
attracts from 2,000 to 20,000 of the Quaker City's best people, including most of its society leaders, 
to the grounds where the contest is scheduled to take place. The average daily attendance at an 
international match in this city is 10,000. 

In the matter of playing the game, Philadelphia is probably half a century in advance of all the 
other American cities. In New York, Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Detroit and Chicago, the only 
other cities in this country wliich have regularly organized cricket clubs, the game is still in its infancy 
and the combined playing strength of those six cities would not compare with the best team Phila- 
delphia can put in the field. Indeed, the first 
eleven of any of Philadelphia's four or five 
leading clubs can vanquish the best team 
picked from the rest of the country. 

The three leading clubs in Philadel- 
phia are the Germantown, Merion and Bel- 
mont. The former was organized in 1S58, 
and has its headquarters at Queen Lane 
Station, Germantown. It has the finest 
e([uipped grounds in America, the value of 
its property being estimated at nearly 

CLUD HOUSE, MANHEIM. 





CLUB HOUSE BELMONT CRICKET CI/JB, 4gTH STREET STATION'. 



$300,000. The club lias a nieiubership of 
2,000, including about 100 active cricketers, 
and in the matter of playing strength is 
the leading cricketing organization in this 
country. The Merion Club was organized 
in 1865, and its grounds are located at 
Haverford College. It has a membership 
of 1,000 and property valued at $200,000. 
The Belmont has about the same number 
of members and property valued at the 
same figure. Its grounds are located at 
Forty-ninth Street Station, West Philadel- 
phia. The date of organization of this club is 1872. The oldest clnb is the Philadelphia, which has 
been in existence since 1840. This club has a membership of 600, and makes its home at Wissahickon 
Heights. 

The other leading clubs are : Tioga, organized in 1883 ; membership, 500 ; location of grounds, 
Westmoreland. Haverford College, organized in 1866; membership, 100; location of grounds, Haver- 
ford College. North End, organized in 1 888 ; men bership, 150 ; location of grounds, Stenton. Belfield, 
organized in 1889 ; member- 
ship, 500; location of 
grounds, Germantown. 
Pennsylvania Railroad, or- 
ganized in 1886 ; member- 
ship, 200; location o' 
grounds, Fifty-second Stree'. 
Station. Oakland, organ 
ized in 1890; menibershi]> 
150; location of ground- 
Frank ford. St. Davids, 01 
ganized in 1892 : member- 
ship, 200; location of 
grounds, St. Davids. Excel- 





sior, organized 1891 ; 
membership, 100 ; lo- 
cation of grounds, Ger- 
mantown. The West 
Chester Club, of West 
Chester, with a mem- 
bership of 400, and the 
Riverton, of Riverton, 
with 100 members, 
both flourishing clubs, 



PHILADELPHIA CRICKET CLUB. 



^fe^--^^-_d! 



SBHSIiillBil 



ifr-^ 




might also be consid- 
ered Philadelphia or- 
ganizations, as most 
of their active mem- 
bers are in business in 
this city but residents 
, of these two suburban 
I towns. 

I.AWX TENNIS. 

The game of lawn 
tennis is chiefly fost- 
ered by the cricket 
clubs, there being but 
one distnictively lawn 
tennis organization of 
any prominence in this 
city. The Belfield 
Club, at Thorpe's 
Lane, Germantown, 
was organized principally for the practice of this game, although its large membership, recruited 
from prominent Germantown families, is provided with other means of diversion as well. Every 
local cricket, as well as several of the athletic clubs, have tennis courts on their grounds, and among 
their members are some very expert racquet wielders. 

FOOT BALL. 

Philadelphia can boast of more foot ball clubs than any other city. She has a great college team 
in the University of Pennsylvania eleven, and there are some forty academies and schools in the city, 
each of which has a foot ball team. 

About four years ago the English association game was introduced in this city, and in one year's 
time a dnzen clubs were organized to play that game. A league was formed to play a series of games 
annually for the championship, and that body is now in a most flourishing condition. In order to 
encourage this sport Mr. George W. Childs presented a valuable cup to the league, which is knowr. as 
the Pennsylvania Association Foot Ball Union, three years ago, aad the annual competition for this 
trophy attracts no little attention. The games are generally played during the months of October, 
November, December, January, February, March and April, and are patronized to a large extent, 
principally by the mill hands and artisans in the northern and northwestern sections of the city. 

TIIIC R.\CE TR.\CK. 

Horse racing in Philadelphia does not flourish as in other cities, 
because the State laws do not permit pool selling or betting in any form. 
If betting were allowed, that liranch of sport would boom as well as in 
any other city. No running meetings are held in this cit}' because they 
would be a failure, as no jockey club can exist anywhere unless permitted 
to sell pools. Trotting races were formerly 
very liberally patronized in Philadelphia, but 
the sport died out during the seventies, and 
for a numl.>er (jf years no meetings were held 
here. About five years ago the Philadelphia 
and Belmont Driving Clubs were reorganized 
on a .sound financial basis, and since then a 
number of meetings have been held on both 
tracks each year. Each club is capitalized at 





wsiMm 



^-^lj,<pCJI?; 




CLUB irOCSE OF THE BELFIELD CLUB, GERMANTOWN. 



$25o,cxD0, and the stock is held by several hundred of Phihulelphia's wealthiest and most prominent 
business men. Both tracks are in the Grand Circuit, and the two clubs are succeeding admirablj' in 
their efforts to make trotting popular in this city. 

The Philadelphia Driving Park Association's track is at Point Breeze, while that of the Belmont 
Driving Club is located at Bala Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is generally conceded that 
there are no better and faster courses anywhere than the two located in this vicinity. 

A great many trotting horses are owned in this city. Nearly every well-to-do resident owns one , 
or more good roadsters, and they have a splendid opportunity to exercise them on the fine roads laid out 
through I'airmount Park. Thousands of fast steppers can be seen in this Park on any fine day. 

CO.VCIIINC. . 

The Philadtlphia i-'our in Hand Club contributes a pretty pageant to the sum of the year's local 
events in the annual parade which occurs early in May. The coaches, gay with the guests of the occa- 
sion, start from Rittenhouse Sc|uare, proceed up Broad Street, out Spring Garden Street and through 
the Park to the aristocratic Coiuitry Club. 

The club now includes some seventeen coaches, and the turnouts are frecjuently encountered in 
Fairmount Park and along our charming suburban drives. Those participating in the May parade last 
year were Mr. A. J. Cassatt, li. Rittenhouse Miller, I'klward Browning, J. C. Mercer Biddle, C. Davis 
English, J. Iv Widener, Neilson Brown, Col. Kdward Morrell, Harrison K. Caner, G. W. C. Drexel 
and John R. Fell. 

Last \ear Mr. Barclay H. Warburton's coach " Meadowbrook " made daily trips, starting from 
the " Stenton," on South Broad .Street, for Meadowbrook Farm and Jenkintown. The "Initial," 
owned by Messrs. E. Rittenhouse Miller and Ivdward Browning, also left the Hotel Stratford every 
afternoon for Bryn Mawr. These coaches, as well as that of Col. Morrell, which for a time left the 
Bellevue daily, were public, any reputable person being entitled to book for a .seat upon payment of the 
fare of $1.50 for the round trip. This commendable effort to popularize this agreeable means of recre- 
ation was aiigmented this year by the Suburban Coaching Club, which, on April 25th, started to run 
coaches between Philadelphia and New York, one of the coaches starting every morning at 7.45 from 
each city, and making the run in twelve hours. Four coaches and 106 horses are in the service of the 
club. The horseri are changed at relay stations, which are about twelve miles apart. The start in 
Philadelphia is made from the Hotel Bellevue, and in New York from the Hotel Waldorf. The fare 
for the round trip is $25. The leading spirits in this enterprise are Col. .Morrell and Messrs. Browning, 
Caner, Brown and Groome. 



':.'>/: 






THH COfNTRV CI.ru. 



141 



PNEV/AATIC 
£LP3ET 




C.H.MUCKEhjHIRN 



DETROIT MICh„rf 



KSTABLISUKD. 1S55. 



L.Wolff Manufacturing: Co. 



93 



General Offices ^--^ f • Show Rooms 

West Lake Street dllCa.g'O 



1533 Blake Street, Denuer 



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11 JM. Washington Avenue, ]Vllnneapolls 

AIANIIFACTURERS OF 



Plumbing Goods 



\Vc lire iKiw ni.imifaciiuiiir; pjiainclcd Iioii B.itlis, all •,;i/cs, in olil style 

baths, alsci all si/cs in miy oicn iiCiC i/i:\!!;//s, and I'lnniliers' Knaniclcd Ware 
Wolff's Enameled Iron Baths i>fe\ery description. Tlicsc,tii.t;cther\vitlisaniiilrs.>fafullline()f I'lnml.inL; 

tioods, niav lie seen at "nr Show Rcninis in Denxor, Minneapcilis and 
Chicajjo. 



93. to ur West Lake Street 



Factories 

754.794 Fulton Street 804-852 Carroll Avenue 

CHICAGO 



837-851 Carroll Avenue 



Cycling in Philadelphia. 



Arthur H. MacOvvkn. 




When the history of cyclins^ in America comes to be written, it 
will be found that Philadelphia has occupied, from the itKe])tion 
of the recreation in this country, a leading position as a centre of 
what is now so popular a pastime. The Philadelphia and Penn- 
sylvania Bicycle Clulis, of Philadelphia, are among the oldest of such 
organizations in the country ; and besides these well-known clubs 
there are others later born, such as the Century Wheelmen, South 
luid Wheelmen, Park Avenue Wheelmen, Quaker City Wheelmen, 
etc., etc., to the number of half a hundred, the mere mentioning 
of whose names and date of foundation, etc., woidd make an ;vrticle 
as long as this one. 

Cieograi)hicallv speaking, Philadelphia is well situated for the 
enjoyment by its citizens of the pastime of cycling. It lies in a 
vast ri\'er basin, the watershed of which is reached by grades which, 
comparati\'elv speaking, are wonderfully gentle, while giving most 
exceptional o])portunities in the way of beautiful scenic effects. 
Witness the near by glories of the Schuylkill \'alley, with its 
romantic Wissahii-kon adjunct, the Chester and White Marsh 
^'alleys, and the farther renio\'ed but easily reached l)eauties of the historic Brandywine River on one 
si;le atid the grand scenery of the Delaware Water C.ap on the other. Until recently, extreme difficulty 
was experienced by cyclers in the way of getting out of the immense wilderness of brick and mortar and 
cobble stone pavements known as Philadelphia ; but, within the past decade, both in the city proi)er and 
throughout the beautiful northwestern and more particularly the western suburban territory, inipro\'ed 
pa\'ements and road surfaces have been laid, and now minister to the comfort of the cycler. Such 
beauty spots as the Ciermantcnvn and Chestnut Hill districts, P'ort Washington, \"alley Forge, the 
old camping ground of Washington, Willow (irove, Norristown, Bryn Mawr, Wayne, Devon, Paoli, 
West Chester, Downingtown, and a host of small towns and handets, some of historic and some of 
present day interest, can now be readied most comfortably, and are patronized by an ever increasing 
army of c>-clers. Before the creation of the fine net-work of roads that now e.xist, there was, outside 
of the fine drives in Fainuount Park, but one really good macadamized road in tlie vicinity of the 
city. That road was Lancaster Pike, the old highway to the West, and its name, in consequence 
of the absence of any competitor in the way of macadam surface, became almost proverbial in the 
early history of cycling in this country. 

Philadelphia and Boston were the two cities w here the bicycle first took firm hold in the United 
States, and where the main battles were fought against public prejudice and municipal shackles. The 
Reservoir Dri\-e, of Boston, and the Lancaster Pike, of Philadelphia, are household words in the lexicon 
of American cycling, and though there are now round the " Quaker City " many better road surfaces 
than that of Lancaster Pike, the old-time riders have an affectionate regard iJr the onh' road over which 
at one time the}' could push the famous old high bicycle that preceded the modern " safety " in popular 
fa\or. As showing the stable condition of the recreation of cycling in Philadelphia, it is interesting to 
note that the Philadelphia Bicycle Club and the Pennsylvania Bicycle Club each erected their own club 
houses, and each organization is credited with the ownership of real estate to the value of ^^25,000 to 
Si;,o,ooo. Both these organizations, as well as a number of the later formed clubs, are incoqjorated 
under the laws of the State. 



143 




Our Citizen Soldiery. 



Major T. T. Brazer ; Armon', 



The several commands of State troops, com- 
posed of Philadelphians, are included in the First 
Brigatle, N. G. P., of which Brigadier-General John 
W. Schall is commander. They include the follow- 
uii, organizations : 

First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, Captain Joseph 
Lapsley Wilson : Armory upon Twenty-first Street below 
Market. 

Battery A, Artillery, six guns and two Gatlings, 
Captain Maurice C. Stafford ; Armory, P'orty-first Street 
and Mantua Avenue. 

State Fencibles Battalion, Infantry, four companies, 
Broad Street below Race. 
First Regiment, Infantry, ten companies. Colonel Wendell P. Bcnvman ; Armory, Broad and 
Callowhill Streets. 

Second Regiment, Infantry, ten companies, Colonel John Biddle Porter; jVrmory, 51S Race 
Street. 

Third Regiment, Infantry, eight companies. Colonel Edward deV. MorrcU ; Armory, Broad 
and Wharton Streets. 

Gray Invincibles, Infantry (colored), one company. Captain A. F. Stevens, Jr. ; Armory, 1913 
Market Street. 

The Naval Reserves Battalion, Commander R. K. Wright, Jr. 

The oldest of our organizations is the fine cavalry body popularly known as the City Troop, 
composed entirely of young men of wealth and high social standing. Its history antedates the 
Revolutionary War, during a portion of which it acted as body-guard to General Washington, and 
participated actively in the struggle for independence. It still proudly dons the strikingly handsome 
uniform originally adopted by the corps, and which tends to make the City Troop a leading 
feature of all parades in which it participates. 

The Artillery (usually called the "Keystone Battery") is uniformed in accordance with 
National regulations, the red plumed helmets being a striking feature. It celebrated its thirty-third 
birthday in April of the present year. 

The State Fencibles celebrated the eighty-first anniversary of their organization. May twenty- 
sixth of the present year. Their corps was formed for service during the War of 1S12-15. It has 
passed thnmgh many vicissitudes. The once famous and picturesque Philadelphia Fire Zouaves were 
merged into its ranks, and in 1878 it was increased from a single company to its present forma- 
tion. Its dress imiform includes black bear-skin shakos and red tunics. It is noted for the wonderful 
accuracy of its drill. 

144 



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Edited by Trained Experts, and published under the best auspices. 
The ablest and most widely circulated Plumbing Paper. It con= 



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ADDRESS THE PUBLISHERS 

Kittredge Company 

78 Reade Street New York 



145 







ARriLI.KRV CAMP AX MT. GRETN.i, PA. 

The First Regiment is composed largely of business men, and as the old " Gray Reserves" 
was prominent during and subsequent to the war of '61-65. It has always maintained a high 
degree of proficiency. The dress uniform is especially natty and effective. A Veteran Corps com- 
posed of former active members is connected with the "First." 

The Second Regiment is a sturdy, well drilled body, once known as the "National Guards," 
with a large proportion of old soldiers of the war in various grades of command. Gray has always 
been its favorite uniform color. It has a fine Armory site selected on upper Broad Street. 

The Third Regiment represents the down-town martial contingent, 
and since the election of its present Colonel, with other acijuisitions to its 
field and line, it has become a strong and enthusiastic corps. 

The Gray Invincibles, representing the colored citizens, does them 
great credit. Its uniform of which the towering shako of black bear-skin 
is a part, gives the company an almost barbaric effect on parade. 

The Naval Reserves Battalion is of recent formation and is the 
outcome of a wise policy which seeks to train a carefully selected body of 
young men in the details of naval life and marine operations of attack and 
defense. It is uniformed according to naval regulations. 

Each organization in addition to its distinctive and showy dress 
uniform, is fully ecjuipped with the State dress which, in its present form 
is admirabhr adapted for use in camp and campaign sen,'ice. The rank and 
file as well as the field, staff and line officers are made up of the best 
classes of our native youth, who evince, at all times, a soldierly spirit and 
laudable pride in the record of the citizen troops of the Keystone State, 
which has resulted in a compact organization aggregating 8,612 troops, 
which may be placed in the field, fully equipped for any service and lor any 
length of time, within twenty-four hours' notice from the commander-in- 
chief. 

It may be safely asserted that the people of the City of Philadelphia 
are justly proud of the fact that the troops of their City and State are 
unequaled in all the qualities of the true soldier by those of no other State 
in the Uniou. T46 





Atlantic City. 



Philadelphia's Great All-The-Year Pleasure Resort. 





Atlantic City, which is :iot only the greatest seashore resort of the Atlantic 
coast, Imt of the entire world, occupies an inijiortant relation to Philadelphia as a 
community, and many thousands of its citizens, individually ; founded as it was and 
^ principally sustained and patronized by the people of the "Quaker City." 

Located immediately upon the verge of the untrammelled ocean, less 

than sixty miles southeast from Philadelphia, Atlantic City has developed, 

within a generation, from a small and inconsequential hamlet, with a limited 

midsummer patronage, to a wide-spread, l)usy. healthful and beautiful place, 

having a practically continuous season. 

Many fortunate conditions have contributed to the wonderful 
development of Atlantic City, 
and whicii indicate its still fur- 
ther expansion, embellishment, 
and increase in public favor. 
Speedy transit, over a choice 
of railroads from a great and prosper- 
ous city, have made it essentially a Philadel- 
phia resort, but the hotel registers reveal the foct that 
guests in large numbers come here from many distant points, 
with an ever increasing patronage from New York City, 
from whicli passengers come via the Central Railroad of 
Xevv Jersey, connecting with the Atlantic City trains of 
both the Peinisylvania and the Reading Railroads. 

Parlor cars are attached to rapid e.xpress trains over 
both lines of railroad from Camden (opposite Philadelphia), 
throughout the year, and in Spring and Summer a sixty 

minute schedule to the shore is in force, trains being run at short intervals. Atlantic City is located 
upon a sandy island, has an ocean front facing slightly east of south, and is very nearly upon the 
latitude of Baltimore. The remarkable geniality of the climate through the year is attributed to the 
proximity of the gulf stream which is nearer at this place than at any other portion of the New Jersey 

coast. Probabh' the most noticeable features of Atlantic City upon "first 

impressions " are its remarkable cleanliness, brightness, and universal air 

of prosperit}-. Its six hundred or more hotels and boarding houses, 

and uncounted cottages, shops, warehouses, banks, churches and 

public buildings are bisected and transversed by broad, carefully 

graded streets. The avenues, parallel with the ocean, are 

named after the great seas of the world, while the highways 

leading from the ocean front athwart the island bear the names 

of the States of the I'nion. The "built up" city extends along 

the sea front between three and four miles ; electric cars run 

upon Atlantic Avenue between the extremes of the town, 

and, in fact, down the shore past Chelsea and South Atlantic 

City to Longport, close by Egg Harbor Inlet, and opposite 

Ocean City, a distance of ten miles. At the Inlet terminus, at 

the eastern end of Atlantic City, the cars connect with a steam 

ferry boat to Brigantine Beach, which also has its electric railway, 

147 



ON .\ BREEZY D.-vV. 




THE i;0ARDW.\LK IN AUGUST. 











" IIATHINC'. IKUR (IN THK nKACII."— From Tliotci by Alliert Moerk. 

leading, by swift transit, up the shore. The railroad stations front upon Atlantic Avenue, and thus the 
new arrival may go quickly by either trolley or coach to his chosen hotel. 

The permanent population of Atlantic City is about 17,000, the majority of the residents being 
engaged in a wide variety of \-ocations, all of which are dependent upon the immense patronage of the 
resort for their success. 

The city has a progressive local government which has introduced many important reforms 
and improvements. The streets are illuminated with abundant arc lights, and the immunity from 
disastrous fires is due to one of the most alert and efficient fire departments in the United States, which 
is the especial pride of the people. Two well edited and newsy daily papers, the Union and the Rcvit-'w, 
each of which also has a weekly edition, are printed all the year. While the tide of patronage is at its 
flood in August, the population has numbered upon some occasions as high as 135,000. Atlantic City 
long since ceased to be considered simply as a delightful Summer resort. Her " season " never ends. 
A very considerable proportion of the hotels, including those of the larger and the most sumptuous 
class, now find it worth while to keep open house all Winter, and a week or so at the shore in the so- 
called " inclement season " has become fashionable. Sun Parlors are a feature of every hotel, and the 
number of days during the Winter months when even an invalid may not enjoy a brisk walk or a rolling 
chair upon Atlantic City's great " midway plaisance," the Boardwalk, are very few indeed. Strangers 
to the seashore in Winter are often astonished at leaving Philadelphia or New York immersed in the 
gloom of a November or January storm to find Atlantic City smiling and sparkling in clear sunshine. 
In proof of this superior climate, not only in comparison with inland points, but as regards the relation 
with other sections of the Atlantic Coast, the National Government offers abundant and accurate 
testimony, the result of careful observations made during a series ot years by expert observers who 
have no bias of preference to discredit their reports. The mean annual amount of rainfall in a series of 
years at the places indicated is as follows : 

Atlantic City .... 40.24 inches. 

Barnegat, N. J. . . . 50.20 

Cape May, N. J. . . . 46.70 

Sandy Hook, N.J. . 52.05 





Tin-: C.\SINO. 




PKNNAYI.VANIA HOSI'ITAI,, MK.MMRIAI, TA VII. IONS. 

Medical Colleges and Hospitals. 



Although Philadelphia has always been the medical centre of America, few realize that, if it is not 
already so, it is rapidly becoming, in many respects, the peer of any city in the world in the education 
of physicians and in the dissemination of medical and correlated knowledge. 

This year there are enrolled at the various schools over 2,000 students of medicine, a number 
probably greater than that of which any other city can boast, and if to this be added those who are pur- 
suing studies in pharmacy, dentistry and veterinary medicine, our city is undoubtedly, as far as num- 
bers alone are concerned, far ahead of her rivals. But, haj)pily, it is on more commendable grounds 
than these alone that we are cpntent and proud to rest our claims of excellence. Each of the five medi- 
cal colleges is of the highest class, thorough in its work and in the qualifications of the graduates, and 



one of the schools is not only the oldest 
faculties are composed of men, second 
of many of whom are almost as well 
ment of each college for medical educa 




but claims to be the best on the continent. Their 
to none as regards teaching ability, and the names 
known abroad as at home. The material equip- 
tion is most excellent, and. inasmuch as success- 
ful medical teaching must be clinical as well as 
didactic, ample opportunity for this 
is afforded in the enormous number 
of patients anntially treated in the 
numerous Philadelphia hospitals 
and dispensaries, which offer to the 
student almost every known type or 
phase of disease or injury. Besides 
the respective hospitals to which the 
various colleges are specifically con- 
nected and which are thoroughly 
equipped with everytliing required 
bv- the most advanced medical and 
surgical science of the day, students 
have the privilege of attending reg- 
ular clinics at the Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, German, St. Joseph's 
and other hcspitals. 



HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, 




Li'IJ.l'.i'.i. IIALI., r_\l\ i-,RSlTY OF PENNSYLVAMA, 



The University of Pennsylvania. 



This great centre of higher education had its inception in an academy and charitable school, which 
was founded through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, in 1751 : a charter for a college being secured 
two years later. The institution finally became the University of Pennsylvania in 1791. Its support 
has always been almost entirely derived from the funds of private individuals, and it has become a 
favorite object for endowment at the hands of wealthy citizens. 

The University occupies a splendid group of buildings, located between Thirty-fourth and 
Spruce Streets and Thirty-seventh and Pine Streets ; reached by electric cars out Walnut Street and 
Woodland Avenue. As at present constituted it has thirteen departments, viz: — The College Depart- 
ment, which includes Arts, Science, Architecture and Natural History: Biology, Finance and Economy, 
and Music: Medicine and Law : Auxiliary Department of Medicine, Dentistry, Philosophy, Veterinary 
Medicine, Physical Education, Hygiene; Graduate Department for Women, Musuem of Archeology 
and Palceontology, Hospital and the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. Under the head of the 
Towne Scientific School, come the Engineering courses : — Mechanical, Electrical, Civil and Mining, 
and the courses in Architecture and Chemistry. 

The teaching force numbers two hundred and fifty-seven professors, lecturers, etc. The Ilni- 
versity Library contains 110,000 bound volumes. The students always in attendance exceed tw-o 
thousand in number. A splendid quadrangle of dormitories is about being constructed for student 
lodgings. Franklin Field, the new University Athletic Ground, is one of the most complete physical 
arenas in the world. Important additions and changes in the University property are constantly in pro- 
gress, and upon the completion of the group of buildings, the removal of fences, and paving of the 
various avenues leading through the University grounds, it will present to the visitor a splendid scene 
of educational energy and progress, irnexcelled in facilities and location by any of the great universities 
of the country, attracting to Philadelphia thousands of the youth of this and other lands, and pre- 
serving the reputation of the city as a great centre of learning. 

150 



The Academy of Fine Arts. 



Bv MuTON Bancroft. 




- , ^ 




""^j^H 



m ■ 



TllK ACADKMY OF KINK ARTS. 



The Pennsylvania Academy ot 
F'ine Arts is the oldest art insti- 
tution in America. It was 
founded in 1805 and chartered 
the next year. The germ from 
which it sprang had its existence 
in 1 79 1 , when Chas. Wilson Peale 
attempted to organize in Phila- 
delphia a school for the fine arts. 
The scheme, although supported 
by Ceracchi, the Italian sculptor, 
tlien in this country, William 
Rush and other aitists was not 
successful, hut out of it came, in 
[794, the Colunibianum, and in 
that year was held in Indepen- 
<lence Hall, by the association, 
the first jniblic exhibition of 
paintings in this city. 



The Academy was incorporated March 28, 1806, with George Clymer, one of the signers of the 
Declara"tiou of Independence, as first President. 

The works of art belonging to the Academy have been slowly accumulating one by one 
during the eighty-seven years of its existence, the only exceptions being the Carey and Temple 
collections. 

The special purpose of the school has always been to afford facilities and instruction of the 
highest order to students who intend to make painting or sculpture their profession. No advantages 
but those of pure art education are offered, work comprising study in black and white from the 
antique casts ; lectures in perspective, composition and anatomy, combined with practical work in 
each of the subjects ; color stud)' from still life ; elementary modeling from the cast ; and study from 
living model, nude and draped, in black and white, in color, and in clay modeling. 

The instruction is of the most advanced character, and is conducted by means of lectures 
and criticisms. 

Many notable paintings are on exhibition here at all times, and strangers find the Spring and 
Autumn exhibitions among the most attractive features of the city. 

The handsome building of the Academy of Fine Arts is of Moresque design, and is regarded as 
one of the chief architectural ornaments of the city. It is admirably adapted for its purposes. The 
offices of the Directors are to the right and left of the entrance. Upon the lower floor a large 
lecture room and class rooms for drawing, painting and modeling are arranged. A broad and effective 
stairway leads from the vestibule to the galleries upon the second floor. The permanent exhibition of 
paintings owned by the institution fills the galleries of the southern side and front. The spacious 
northern galleries give ample room for notable displa3's of contemporary art. 



151 




Fourth Street, looking North from Walnut Street. 




Block of Bank Buildings, CheBtnut Street, looking East from Fifth. 



The Society of Friends. 




By Frank H. Taylor. 



It is in the months of April and May that the casual ohsen,-er sojourning in tlif 
Citv ui" Philadelphia may best note the entire fitness of the sobriquet of the ' ' Quakrt 
City." Upon the third second day of the fourth month the Orthodox branch of 
the Society of PViends begins the sessions of its yearly meetings, and a month 
later the gre;it annual gathering of the Hicksite portion of the Society commences. 
The first of these is held in the substantial old meeting-house set in the midst 
of the ground, surrounded by a high brick wall, at Fourth and Arch Streets, 
which was set apart l)y the founder of the city for that purpose. The second 
series of meetings is held in the large meeting-house at Fifteenth and Race Streets. 
This sect is divided nearly ecjually into its two distinct branches. The 
Orthodox I'Viends hold \-early meetings in New Kngland, in the cities of New 
Vork, Philadelphia, and ]5altimore, in the States of North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, and Iowa, 
and there are also " Western " and " Canadian " regular meetings. The total Orthodox membership is 
placed at 85,950. The nunil>cr of Orthodox I-'riends in ]'hiladeli)liia, which includes most of those 
who habitually wear the quaint garb of the sect and many who do not, is only 5,500 persons, but here, 
as elsewhere, they exercise an influence upon the connnunily, and in the conduct of local. State and 
National affairs, quite out of pro])orlion to their numerical strength. Simplicity, truth and humanity 
characteri/.e them in all the relations of life. 

That portion of the sect which meets at Philadelphia, in .\pril, includes the delegates of the Friends 
from the quarterly meetings lu-ld in the States of IV-nnsyU'ania, New Jersey Delaware and Maryland. 
The quarterly meetings are in tinn made up of local monthly meetings. During the week of this 
conference, the vicinity of the staid old meeting-house on Arch Street is thronged with attendants, the 
women clad in the neat gray and brown dresses and (juaint poke boiuiels usually worn l)y them, and the 
men arrayed in the broad-brimmed hats and straight-cut suits so familiar in Philadelphia at all times. 
These costumes, contrary to general belief, were never ado])ted specifically by the Friends, but are sinq)ly 
survivals of a once popular fashion left behind !>y the more fickle " world's people." but retained by 
the conservati\'e " Quakers " because it was found that a distinctive dress liad its restraining influences. 
It is not obligatory, and the younger members \ery generally dress in the ordinary styles of the times. 
Although generally, as iiKli\iihials and as an organization, the Quakers are wealthv, their 
buildings, like their dress, are exceedingly plain. Anything savoring of extra\'agance in ornament is 
discouraged. At the service, the congregation sitting iq)on ])lain, unpainted lienches, tne ric.-vcs 
separated, usually meditate in silence, awaiting the pronqjlings of the Sjiirit before venturing upon 
speech. The ministers and elders are not compensated, and are generally engaged in business pursuits 
as a means of support. Many of the ministers are women. Questions coming before the meetings are 
never determined by vote, but by the weight of argument, the clerk acting as mediator. Affirmation is 
accepted by the courts in lieu of the oath in the case of witnesses of this faith. Perfect candor and 
directness of speech is enjoined in all their dealings with one another and with the world. 



The Bureau of Water. 



Philadelphia was the first city in the United States to establish a sytem of water works. The 
original plant for that purpose was commenced in 1799, by the construction of a large water-power 
house on the Schuylkill river, near Market Street, with a re.servoir at Broad and Market Streets — the 
present site of the Public Buildings. In the year 1814, 2,850 dwellings were receiving tlie water, and 
the total water rents amounted to $18,000. In 1827, the water rents amounted to $33,560. In 1893, 
198,493 dwellings and 1,419 factories were using city water, the cash receipts were $2,674,275, and the 
Water Bureau furnished employment to 1,1 19 persons. 

Ninety-four per cent, of the water used is olitained from the Schuylkill river, and six per cent, 
from the Delaware river, in the northern part of the city. There are nine pumping stations, having 
an aggregate daily capacity of 230,040,000 gallons of water. There was pumped during 1893, a dail}- 
average of 179,048,594 gallons, making the immense annual aggregate of 65,352,736,978 gallons of 
water. The daily average consumption is 150 gallons per capita. 

The water is pumped into thirteen reservoirs located in various parts of the city, having a total 
storage capacity of 1,399,288,814 gallons, equivalent to about eight days' water supply for the city. 
The East Park Reservoir, in Fainnount Park, has a capacity of 673,874,614 gallons. 

The following statement gives the location, number and type of engines, and their several 
aggregate capacities at the various stations : 



Pumping Station. 


Designated Num- 
ber of Engine or 
Turbine. 


TvPK OF Engine. 

Worthiugton Duplex 

Compound Rotary 

Simpson Compound Rotary 

Marine Compound Rotary 

Worthington Duplex 

Gaskill 


Designed Capacity 

in Million Gallons 

Per Day. 


Total. 


Spring (iarden, old station 


■4 

5 
6 

7 

8 

II 

9 
10 


20,000,000 
20,000,000 
10,000,000 
20,000,000 
10,000,000 
20,000,000 
15,000,000 
15,000,000 

5,000,000 
5,000,000 
8,000,000 




" new station. 


Worthington Duplex 


130,000,000 








1 
2 
3 












., 


., ., 


18,000,000 








I 

2 

3 




12,000,000 
5,000,000 
7,500,000 










.. 




24,500,000 








2 
3 




250,000 
250,000 








500,000 






Mt. Airv 


I 

2 
3 




1,000,000 
1 ,000,000 
1 ,000,000 










,. 


Kiiowles " 


3,000,000 






Chestnut Hill 


1 
2 




250,000 
500,000 






Wortliiiiytou Duiilcx . . . 


750,000 






Frankford , 


I 
2 


Marine Compound Rotary 

Corliss Compound Rotary 


10,000,000 
10,000,000 


20 000 000 








3 
4 
5 
7 
8 

9 


Turbine Wheels 


2,000,000 
5,330,000 
5,330,000 
5,330,000 
5,100,000 
5,100,000 
5,100,000 










L, 


.. ., 




.. ., 


i> 






" " 








11 


.1 11 


33,290,000 






Total 


230,040,000 





The following is a statement of the location, date ol completion, elevation and capacity of the 
city's reservoirs : 



Name of Rksf-rvoir. 



f Reser^ior Xo. i 

" "2 



Fairmoiint 



Lehigh . . . 



I " "4, Section r. 

I " " 4, " 2- 

I " ■• 4. " 3- 

Section i 



Spring Garden 

Corinthian 

{Section i . 
2 . 
" 3 • 

Frankford 

Belmont 

Mt. Airy 

Roxborough 

New Roxlioioiigh 

Manatawna Tanks — 2.. 

Chestnut Hill Tank 

Queen Lane Reservoir 



Total. 



East Fairmount Park . 



Sixth and Lehigh Avenue 



Twenty -sixth and Master Streets . . . 
Corinthian Avenue and Poplar Street. 



East Fairmount Park 



Oxford Turnpike and Coinly Street 

West l"airmonnt Park 

Allen's Lane and Mower Street, (icrniant'n 

Ridge an<l Shawniont Avenues 

Port Royal Avenue and Ann Street 

Manatawna and Ridge Avenues 

Hartwcll Ave. and Ciiestnut Hill R. R.,C. H 
(Jueen Lane, from 3ISI to 33d Street 



^ aatutn. 



1815 
1S21 

1827 

1835 
1836 
1S36 
1852 

and 

1871 
1844 
1S52 

\ 188S V 
1. 1889 j 
1877 
1870 
185 1 
1 866 

•893 
1S7S 
i860 
1895 



94 



114 

120 
120 

133 

167 
212 

363 
366 

414 
442 
481 



Capacity 

in 
gallons. 



26,350,800 



26,394,000 

12,000,000 

37.341,400 

f 62.737,632 

- 306,400,622 

( 304,736,360 

36,046,000 

39,758,000 

4,546.000 

I 2, 838, OCX) 

148,000,000 

I0O,<X)O 

40,0000 
382,000,000 

1,399,288,814 



The cost during 1893 of pumping 1,000,000 gallons of water, 100 feet high, was S3. 22. 

The total length of water pipe laid in the city is i ,o,S2 miles ; ,S,S84 fi""^ hydrants are in use. 

During 1893 more than fifty miles of water pipe were added to the distribution system, and in 
addition 96,066 feet of 6-inch and larger pipe were substituted for small and old pipe, and 24,000 feet 
of pumping mains, mostly of 84 inches in diameter, were laid. 

The water rent charges are based on the number and character of fixtures in use. The water 
rent for a dwelling using hydrant, bath and water closet is $9.00 per annum. Many manufacturing 
establishments, and other large consumers of water, are supplied through water meters at a cost of 
thirty cents per 1,000 cubic feet — a rate lower than in any other city in the United States. 

The current expenses of the Water Bureau for 1893 were $1,121,555, and there were expended 
for extensions $1,471,834, making a total expenditure of $2,593,389. 




155 



The Board of Health. 



The care of public health and the enforcement of necessary sanitary regulations are vested in the 
Board of Health, consisting of the Directoi of Public Safety, and five other members of the Board, 
appointed by the Mayor of the City. 

Among their duties is the supervision of house drainage and plumbing, and the registration of 
master plumbers, under the provisions of the Act of Assembly, approved June 30, 1S85, and known 
as the Plumbing Law, of 1885. 

In accordance with the Act mentioned, the House Drainage nivision of the Board of Health 
has adopted and promulgated regulations covering almost every imaginable feature in the plumbing 
line. Plans of every proposed operation must be submitted for approval, and all work must be left 
uncovered until inspected and approved. Soil and waste pipes are subjected to an air pressure test of 
three pounds per square inch. Every drain must have a running trap and air inlet on the main line, 
and all the vertical lines of soil pipe must be carried to above the roof of the building. 

During the year 1.S94, 4,787 plans for new buildings and 17,414 plans for old buildings, were 
submitted and approved, making the total number of plans approved, 22,201. 

The total number of inspection visits made during the year was 50,313. 

The Nuisance Division of the Board of Healtli disposed of complaints, respecting house 
drainage, involving 662 buildings; 2,226 wells were cleaned out, filled up and abandoned ; 172 appli- 
cants were examined for registration as master plumbers. Of these, 121 were approved, and 51 were 
rejected as incompetent. The number of registered master plumbers, December 31, 1894, was 7S6. 

Mr. Geo. S. Hughes (appointed in 1886) is the Chief Inspector of House Drainage. Two 
inspectors are detailed for special work, and eleven inspectors for general work. 




156 



Henry McShane Manufacturing Co. 

Branehes: Hm York, Brooklyn, Boston, Washington. Factories: 415 to 441 North St., and 419 to 455 Holliday St., Baltimore, |fld. 

AlANUFACTL'RERS OF FVERV DESCRIPTION OF 

Plumbers', Steam Fitters', Engineers' and Mill Supplies 



Bath and 

Lavatory 
Specialties 

• • 

Lavatory Legs, 
and Brackets, 
Traps, Basin and 
Bath Wastes. 

Urinal Stall 
Fixtures, Etc. 



Copper Bath 
Tubs, Closet 
y»^ Tanks and Seats, 

v9(5\ /Q Copper Sinks 
1 and Balls. 



Cast Iron Pipe, 
Fittings, Sinks, 
Cesspools, Tanks 
Etc. 




Condensed Guide to flany Interesting* Places. 



Independence Hall, on Chestnut vStrett, between l-"iftli and Sixtli Streets, the scene of the 
signing of tlie Declaration of Independence, is open all week-days, The old hall of the Continental 
Congress is maintained in its original appearance. The nuiseuni of relics of the last century maintained 
liere also includes the Liberty Bell and many souvenirs of Washington. 

The City Hall (Public Buildings), at the inter.section of Broad and Market Streets, may be 
visited upon every week-day to ad\-antage. (See description.) Klevators to all floois, and an elevator 
(free) is usually run to the top of the great tower, from which a magnificent view of the city may l>e 
had. The Commercial Museum, created by the city for the convenient display of raw materials largely 
employed in our manufactures, occupies temporary quarters upon the ground floor of the City Hall at 
the western entrance. 

The University of Pennsylvania and its beautiful liabrary building are accessible to the 
stranger upon week-days. Reached via Chester Avenue or Darby cars out Walnut Street. 

The United States Mint, n]H)n Chestnut .Street, below Broad, is open to visitors, who are 
conducted through the various departments by guides from ij A. M. to 12 noon, except upon Sundays 
and holidays. 

The riasonic Temple, at Jkoad and Filbert Streets, is open to visitors upon Thursdays, in fair 
weather, from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M . This noble building is the most costly structure devoted to secret 
society purposes in America. Many of the rooms are decorated in a highly artistic manner. 

Odd Fellows' Temple. This beautiful Iniilding, locatetl upon Broad .Street, above Arch, will 
soon be completed, and \isitors' days will be announced. 

Girard College, west of Ridge and north of Girard Avenues, is o|ien daily, except Saturdays 
and upon May jolh. Intending visitors may obtain tickets of admission from memliers of the Board 
of Directors or at the office, m South Twelfth Street. Clerg\inen are excluded under the provisions of 
Mr. (lirard's will. Reached \-ia Ridge A\-enue, Girard Avenue, I{igliteenth or Nineteenth Streets 
car lines. 

The Academy of Fine Arts, located at Broad and Cherry Streets, is open free upon P'ridays 
and Sundays, and upon other days at an admission of twenty-five cents, the hours being from 9 A. M. 
to 5 P. M. This is the oldest art institution in America and still one of the most progressive. The 
beautiful galleries are at all times well worth a visit, and during sjiecial exhibitions attract many art 
lovers from other cities. 

The Drexel Institute, at Thirty-second and Chestnut Streets, may be visited as follows : The 
central court, museum, library and reading room are open to the public every day, except Sunday, 
from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. On Saturday the entire building is open to visitors. During the winter 
months the museum and library and reading room are open to the public three evenings a week. The 
museum has valuable collections of textiles, ceramics, carvings in ivory and wood, metal work, etc. 
In the library is the Childs' Collection of Manuscripts. No card of introduction of any kind is 
required for admission. 

The Central flanual Training School, N. Iv corner Sex-enteenth and Wood Streets, is open to 
callers week-days, except Saturdays, from 9 A. M. to 2.30 P. M. 



The Pennsylvania Hospital, the oldest institution of the kind in America, is located at liighth 
and Spruce Streets : may be visited between 2 and 4 P. M. daily. 

Old Christ Church, upon Second Street, above Market, nia\- be inspected any day ujion 
ap]ilication to the sexton. 

The Young Mens' Christian Association Building, S. E. corner Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets, 
maj' be \isited between the hours of 9 A. M. and kj V. M. upon weekdays. 

The Women's Christian Association, at the S. W. corner of Eighteenth and Arch Stre.'^ts, 
includes what is essentially a woman's hotel with all the moral restraints and pleasures of a home. 
Its management slielters several hundreds of young women at nominal rates, finds employment and 
gives useful instruction. Ladies are allowed to patronize tlie fine restaurant at the top of the building. 
Admission daily. 

Horticultural Building, West Fairmounl Park, is o])en daily, including Sundays, from 7 A. M. 
to sundown. This ornate structure was built as a part of the Centennial Exposition. With its wealth 
of tropical trees and plants, and its beautiful environment of llower gardens, it should be \isited by 
all strangers. 

A constant exhibition of valuable paintings in oil anil water colors is maintained free to the 
public (excei)t when otherwise advertised) in connection with Earle's Art Store, upon Chestnut Street 
above Eighth. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, upon the east bank of the Schuylkill River, is open to the jniblic week- 
days. Reached via Ridge Avenue street cars or by carriage through East h'airmount Park. Other 
cemeteries are also accessible to all who have occasion to visit them. 

The Armory of the State Fcncibles Battalion, N. O. P., at Broad and Race Streets, is open 
daily, from 10 A. M. to 4 P. M., and in the evening after 7 o'clock, except in stormy weather. 

The fine Q. A. R. Halls of Post 2. Twelfth Street above Wallace ; Post i. Chestnut Street above 
Twelfth, and of Naval Post 400, at Ivighth and \'ine Streets, are open daily and in the evenings to callers 
when these Posts are not in session. They are the repositories of valuable collections of relics of 
the war of '6i-'65. 

The Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, admits visitors 
(e.xcept during July and August) on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 10 A. JL to 4 P. M. 
Reached via the Chestiuit Hill trains of either the Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroads. 

The shops and grounds of the United States Arsenal, Frankford, Philadelphia, may be visited 
upon week-days between 9 A. ]\L and 4 P. M. Upon Sundays the grounds arc open to the public. 

Cards of admission to the County Prison and Eastern Penitentiary may be had from the ins[)ec- 
tors. (Consult City Directory.) 

The Edwin Forrest Home for Actors, at " Springbrook, " Holmesburg, Philadelphia, is reached 
via local trains upon the New York division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the distance being about 
twelve miles from Hroad Street Station. It is open to visitors ui>on Tuesdays from 9 A. M. to 12 
o'clock noon and from 3 to 5 P. M. 

Press-rooms of the Ledger, at Sixth and Chestnut Streets : the Times, Sansom altove Eighth 
Street, and the Inquirer, Market above Eleventh Street, may be visited late in the evening and the 
great presses seen in operation. 

159 



The Franklin Institute, with its valuable scientific and technical lilirary, upon Seven-th Street, 
above Chestnut, is ojien to the jiuljlic from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. upon week-days. 

The Wagner Free Institute of Science, at Seventeenth Street and Montgomery Avenue, 
opens its museum of natural history from 2 until 5 P. M. upon Wednesdays and Saturdays ; library 
open daily. 

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania occupies a substantial building at the S. W. corner 
of Thirteenth and Locust .Streets, and is open every week-day. Scholars will find its splendid 
historical and biographical library and numerous relics of great interest. 

The museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, which institution is located at Nineteenth 
and Race Streets (Logan Square), is open free to visitors upon \veek-da\s from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 
Students and others interested in the work of the academy are also admitted to the library. 

The Art and Hechanical Schools of the Spring Garden Institute, at Broad and Spring 

Garden Streets, are open to \'isitors from 9 A. M.to 2 P. M. week-days, except Saturdays, September 
to June, inclusive. From October to March, inclusive, they are also open in the evenings and are most 
interesting. 

The rooms of the Philosophical Society, located in their quaint old building at the N. E. corner 
of Independence Square, are open week-days from 10 A. M. to i P. ^L, and upon Sundays from 10 to i 
o'clock. The library of this time-honored institution is one of the mijst valuable in the city. 

Carpenter's Hall, of historic renown, at 322 Chestnut Street, is open daily, except Sunday, 
from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

The Pennsylvania Huseum, in Memorial Hall, W'est Fairmount Park, is open to the public 
every day in the year from 9.30 A. M. until halt an hour before sunset. Reached by street cars via 
Baring Street and Lancaster Avenue, or Girard Avenue. 

The Roman Catholic High School, at Broad and Vine Streets, is open upon week-days to the 
public from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 

The building of the Library Company of Philadelphia, at the N. W. corner of Locust and 
Juniper Streets, is open upon week-davs, free to the public, from 8.30 A. M. to 6 P. M., and upon 
Sundays (for readers onl>'), from i P. M . to 6 P. M. 

The Ridgeway Branch of the Philadelphia Library, including the Loganian Library, at 
Broad and Christian Streets, is also open at the above hours. 

The riercantile Library, u])on Tenth Street, aliove Chestnut, is open free to the iniblic between 
the hours of 8 A. M. and 10 P. M. daily. 

The Drexel Building, corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, the roof commanding a splendid 
\'iew of the city and harbor, is open to visitors daily. Take elevator. 

The rooms of the Board of Trade, Drexel Building, are open week-days from 9 A. M. to 
3 P. M. in summer, and in winter until 4 P. M., during which time \isitors are welcomed. 

The Bourse, located between Fourth and Fifth Streets, north of Chestnut, is the costliest 
commercial edifice in the city. It is now nearing completion. 

The Builders' Exchange, upon Seventh Street, above Chestnut, containing a large permanent 
exhibition of high-grade building materials and supplies, is open ever}' business day of the year, and 
affords a practical object lesson regarding the excellence of the work done in Philadelphia construction. 

160 




Plumbers' Metal Works 




C. A. BLESSING, Proprietor 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Fine Plumbing Goods 

Our l^ite^t Specialties 

"HARDWOOD CASED BATH TOBS" 
"AUTOMATIC URINAL TANKS" 

Uk'IlK hOk CATAI.Olili; 

O. A. Blessing-^.^ 

516 Montgomery Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. 



Savill, Walls & Co. 



Manufacturers of 



^rass Qoods 



FOR 



W^ter, Steam and Ga!> 




Dealers in 



Plumbers' 

1229-^1231 Budden Street 



PHILADELPHIA 



THE SAVILL BIBB 

THE ADVANTAGES POSSESSED BY THIS BIBB OVER ALL OTHERS IN THE MARKET ARE AS FOLLOWS: 

ist. The water iievti strikes tiie screw. 

2(1. IJoes not require any top packing. 

3d. Can be re-washed without stopping the water supply. 

4th. Does not splash in the sink, therefore cannot injure the wainscoting. 

5th. The simplicity of this sink bibt)is marvelous, consisting, as it does, of only three jiicccs. whereas all other sink bibbs consist ol from S to 10 pieces. 

6th. Its durability is so great that it will wear ten limes as long as any sink Itihli in I he mai kit. 

161 





.Mai 



Map . 



Visitor's Directory. 



The Heart of the City (See Map i i. — Cluuacteristics : Southeast qucirtcr, the oldest portion of the city — priti- 
cipal s(|uarc, Washington— still contains many fine old residences; large and varied industries in the vicinity of the 
Delaware river. Southwest (piartcr includes Chestnut, Walnut, Locust and other prominent streets, which, in the 
vicinitv of Ritteuhouse Square, form the traditional aristocratic nucleus of local society ; large factories along the 
Schuylkill and Washington Avenue. Northwest quarter: south of Spring Garden Street ; this section is dedicated, 
except in the vicinity of Logan Sipiarc, largely to business and manufacturing, but north of that street it is covered 
with a great territory of handsome homes, a large jiroportiou of which have been built within the past dozen years, 
notably from Columbia Avenue to Lehigh Avenue. Ridge Avenue, traversing this section diagonally, is one of the 
great retail highways of the city. Northeast section : a fine class of residences predominate from Broad Street, east- 
ward, gradually merging with a labyrinth of factory plants of great size and wide variety of products, surrounded by 
small streets of neat and comfortable operali\es' homes. Germantown and L'rankford Roads, as well as Girard and 
Cohnubia Avenues, are great shopping thoroughfares. Franklin Square, in the lower ])<)rtion of this quarter, is the fourth 
of the principal squares of the citv. Inde.x : i. City Hall. 2. Peunsylvania Terminal Station. 3. Reading Terminal 
Station. 4. Post Office. 5. Independence Hall ; Drexel Building. '6. The Bourse. 7. U.S. Mint; Wanamakers's 
Grand Depot. S. Bethlehem Presbyterian Church. 9. Centennial Church. 10. Memorial Church. 11. Wagner Insti- 
tute. 12. ("xrace Baptist Teuq)lc. ' 13. Church of the Messiah. 14. Keneseth Israel ( Ref. Jewish). 15. Memorial 
Church. 16. Women's School of Design. 17. Girard College. 18. German Hospital; Mary J. Drexel Home. 
19. Eastern Pententiary. 20. Post 2, G. A. R. Hall. 21. Central Presbyterian Church. 22. Jewish Synagogue. 
23. North Broad Street Church. 24. Girls' Normal School. 25. Baldwin Loconu)tive Works. 26. Manual Training 
School. 27. First Regiment -\rmory. 28. Catholic High School. 29. Naval Post (",. A. R. Hall. ;,o. Roman Catholic 
Cathedral. 31. Hahnemann Hospital. 32. Academy of Natural .Sciences ; .\syluin for the Blind. 33. Friends' Churcli 
and School. 34. State L'cncibles' .\rmory. 35. Women's Christian .\ssociation ; Athletic Club Schuylkill Navy. 
36. Academvof Fine Arts; First Baptist Church." 37. Odd Fellows' Temple ; .Arch Street M. E. Church ; Masonic Temple. 
38. Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Station. 39. First Unitarian Church. 40. Colonnade Hotel ; V. M. C. .\. Buildiug. 41. St. 
Mark's F:piscopal Church. 42. Holy Tnnity Ivpiscopal Church. 43. Lafayette Hotel ; Union League ; Bellevuc Hotel ; 

162 





Maiiufncturcrs' Club; Art Club; Stratford Hotel. 44. Philadelphia Library; Historical Society; Hotel Metropole| 
Hotel Slciiton. 45. Bingham House; Mercaiililc Lil)rarv ; Oooiicr's Hotel. .(6. Continental Hotel ; (iirard House • 
Karle's Art Store. 47. Franklin's Crave. 48. Christ Church. 49- Carpenter's Hall; Bullitt Building; Maritime 
E.xch.ingc. 50. Builders' Exchange; Franklin Institute. 51. Commercial ICxchangc. 52. St. Peter's Church. 
53. Pennsylvania Hospital. 54. Old Swedes' Ch\irch. 55. Moyamensing Prison. 56. Bethany Chapel. 57. Naval 
Asylum. 

Delaware River Front iSee Map 2).— Great improvements in the maritime facilities of the harbor and city 
front arc in progress, as elsewhere described. Index: i. Reading Railroad Coal Terminal. 2. \Vm. H. Cramp & Sons 
Company's Ship Yard. 3. Xeafie X: Lew, Shi]! Builders. 4. Penn Treaty Monument. 5. Philadelphia Steamship 
Compan'v. 6. Commonwealth Transportaiion Companv ; North .\tlantic Trident Line. 7. Ferry to Camden iC. cS: A. 
R. R.); Naval Reserves' Headquarters. \'. S. S. "St. Louis." 8. Local Lines. 9. Clyde Lines; Ferry to Camden 
I Pennsvlvania R. R. to seashore). lo. Ericsson Line. 11. Warner's Line ; Boston Steamshi]) Company. 12. Ferry to 
Kaighn's Point i Reading R. R. to seasborel. 13. Ocean Steamship Line; Allan Line; Franklin Sugar Refineries. 
14. .\tlantic Transportion Companv ; American and Red Star Steamship Lines. 15. Spreckcls Sugar Refining Com- 
pany; McCahan's Refining Company ; Baugh Sons & Co. 16. Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company. 

Fairmount Park (See Map 3).— Dotted lines indicate principal drives. Index: i. Schuylkill Navy Boat-houses. 
2. Lemon Hill Mansion, restaurant, militarv music dailv, in afternoons, except Sunday, during Summer. 3. Entrance 
to Zoological Garden. 4. Wni. Pcnn's House. 3. Memorial Hall. 6. Horticultural Hall. 7. Restaurant at Park 
Entrance. 8. George's Hill. q. Belmont Mansion, restaurant, military music daily, in afternoons, during Summer. 
10. Chamounix :\Iansion. 11. Rockland, Old Benedict Arnold Residence (Dairy). 12. Woodford. 13. Strawberry 
:\Iansion, restaurant, militarv music daily, in afternoons, during Summer. 14. Tissot's Restaurant. 15. Ringstetten, 
Undine Barge Club. ih. Fountain Green Restaurant, Wissahickon. 17. Log Cabin Restaurant, Wissahickon. 

West Philadelphia (See Map 4V— Located upon elevated ground, rolling gently; this portion of the city has 
long been a favorite residence neighborhood, and within the past few years has developed, especially toward the Park 
front and in the neighborhood of Chester and Springfield Avenues and Forty-ninth Street, with great rapidity, forming 
a suburb hardly rivaled in beautv anvwhere in the United States. Index (in Fairmount Parki : 3. Zoological Garden. 
4. Wm. Penn's House. 5. Memorial Hall. 6. Horticultural Hall. 7. Restaurant, Belmont Avenue entrance to Park. 
8. Pennsylvania Hos]iital for the Insane, g. Drexel Institute. 10. University of Pennsylvania, n. Belmont Cricket Club. 

163 



The Buick & Sherwood Mfg. Co. 



SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 



a 



SUCCESS" ^^H 



Our Goods are Standard 



WRITE KOR CAXAI^OGUK 

942-962 Champlain Street Detroit, Michigan 



Single and Double Expansion BoltS 

For Fastening all Kinds of Material to Stone or Brick Work 




Si)cci:illy ;itl;i]itf<i for Steam Healiii,i4 Ci.>iii|.aMirs lo lastcii ii]) hrackfts lo rt-ccive 
Sttaiii ripcs, and a Ihoiisaiul otlier pin poses. As ii-,t.-i| t.\ llir rnilctl Slat(_s ('.ov- 
tinnKiU in its coii'^tnictiun \vcnk. Cataloj2:ue upon AppUcatiim. 

Sole Manufacturers 



STEWARD &. ROMAINE MFG. CO. 



Philadelphia, Pa. 



P. CARROLL, Manufacturer Of BATH BOILERS and Tanks 

Log and Circulating Plain and Galvanized 

1335 Mt. Vernon Street, above Ridge Ave., Philadelphia 




ON TIIK MEI.AWAKI', 



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